COL.  GEORGE  WASHINGTON  FLOWERS 
MEMORIAL  COLLECTION 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
DURHAM.  N.  C. 


PRESENTED  BY 

W.  W.  FLOWERS 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


https://archive.org/details/someobservations01phil 


5  0  M  fi 

OBSERVATIONS 

ON  THE 

Two  Camp^gns  againil  the 
Indians^  m  1760  and  ijti^ 

m 

I  N  A 

Second  LETTER  from  Psilopatiijo^ 

Ita  cuique  eveniat  ut  de  republica  raeruit :  Cl6« 
Facts  and  Dates  are  ftubborn  Thing*. 


CflAlt.tES-TO  WN: 
fruited  Md  Sold  by  PETER  TIMOTHT* 


Q  A  [s:  1  o 


305150 


other  was  not  toO»  has  been  often  admired  at;  ?e  was 
certainly  expe^cd  at  the  time:  however,  as  it  wat 
not,  the  infinuations  therein,  as  Well  as  the  co!onci*$ 
difficulties,  were  only  laughed  at,  and  foon  forgot  by 
pioft  of  the  gentlemen  that  faw  that  letter.  And.  aa 
not  onr  of  the  Rangers,  or  their  oncers,  were  ever 
called  to  account  by  the  colonel  for  their  behaviour 
^  '  ®^  aftion,  though  he  certainly  might  and  ough^ 

r^^^^Xo  have  done  it,  the  public^as  fatisfied  their  condu«St 
x</^rn4^  inuft  have  been  irreproachable  :  but  as  we  find  he  has 
revived  that  matter  himfelf,  and  hinted  it  to  the  general 
too  (which  it  was  thought  HE  would  have  been 
aihamed  of  doing,  as  his  letter  was  not  pu'r.Iifhcd,  his 
friends  as^Kimagined  preventing  it)  it  has  become  tocn 
public  not  to  be  take;i  fome  little  noticer  of,  This 
was  not  poffibleto  be  done  in  the  fhort  time  between 
the  arrival  of  the  gazette  containing  the  general's  let- 
ter and  the  colonel's  failing,  as  much  of  the  oli  zfFiir 
Was  forgot  i  befidesj,  to  rccolle<a  it  again,  enq  iries^ 
were  to  be  made  from  many  peifons,  fome  at  a  great 
tfftance,  which  neceffarily  took  up  time,  and  in  thisr 
interim  the  colonel  failed  for  Mai^inique.  Their  vin- 
dication was,  at  firft,  almoft  all  I  intended  and  though^ 
Sufficient  to  anfwer  all  my  purpoft-sj  but,  in  d  in^ 
that,  I  was  led  infenfibly  into  many  other  cbfervations 
on  the  colonel's  letters,  and  on  the  firft  cam^'aig;n  ^hat 
t  occafioned  them  \  and,  from  thence,  to  make  fomo 

remarks  on  the  fecpnd,  by  which  it  will  inciJentall/ 
appear,  whether  the  firft  was  of  any  and  what  ufe 
to  the  fecond,  as  a  matter  of  mere  experience.  Since 
thefe  materials  could  not  be  got  ready  early  enougf^ 
for  the  colonel's  entertainment  before  he  left  this  place, 
it  was  thought  immaterial  when  they  were  publiflied^ 
and  therefore  that  I  might  take  my  own  time  to  da 
the  whole  together,  and  introduce  the  aflpuir  of  the 
tisingers  in  its  moft  natural  and  proper  plice  among 
iny  obfervations.  This  is  the  beft  reafon  \  can  give 
why  you  had  them  not  before. 

In  the  wetkly  Gavutte  of  the  4th  of  June  and  i6th 
of  Jfuly,  are  two  letters  from  "  the  Camp  **  at 
}?iacty-SiK  aad  Fpft  Priacc  George,  dated  the  27th 


3 


[53 

of  May,  and  2d  of  July,  1760,  the  firft  of  which 
fiirnifhes  only  a  few  hints ;  the  laft  fecms  calculated 
(notwithi^anding  its  being  dated  the  ^ay  before)  to 
be  explanatory  of  the  coloners  laft  letter,  in  which 
manner  it  will  be  chiefly  made  ufe  of.  Whenever  thefe 
letters  are  referred  to,  to  avoid  long  repetitions,  I 
beg  leave  to  mention  only  the  numbers  of  the  gazettca 
they  are  contained  in,  N^.  81  and  87. 

'Tis  needlefs  to  fay,  how  commcndably  and  induf- 
trioufly  cautious  the  publiftier  of  that  paper  has  been, 
to  prevent  being  in  the  leaft  fufpe6led  of  any  prejudice 
againft  col.  Grant:  his  many  corredions,  from  timp 
to  lime,  of  any  and  every  thing  difcovered  to  have  ef- 
caped  him,  that  might  even  Jeem  to  have  the  moft  diftant 
tendency  that  way,  fuflJciently  prove  it  (of  which  one 
inftance  will  be  mentioned  prefently)  and  at  the  fame 
time  render  any  quotations  from  his  gazettes  the  lefs 
liable  to  objedion  from  the  colonel;  however,  I  fhall 
confine  myfelf  almoft,  if  not  altogether,  to  thofe  let- 
ters, and  now  proceed,  to  ihew  upon  what  founda- 
tion they  ftand. 

In  the  paper  N*.  80,  immediately  preceding  the  firft 
letter,  the  publiflier  informs  us,  as  it  is  expeSud  the 
advices  from  the  army  will  henceforth  heceme  daily  more 
end  more  inUrefting.  the  public  are  deftred  to  obferve^ 
that  A  L  L  the  intelligence  publifhed  in  this  paper y  and 
dated  from  the  Camp,  is  from  good  authority^  and  may 
SAFELY  be  depended  on  5  fometimes  perhaps <t  reports 
Jrom  or  concerning  the  army  may  he  mentionedy  but  the 
next  fucceeding  advices  from  "  the  Camp,"  voill  confjrm^ 
forreHy  or  contradict  ihem.  " 

The  authority  of  the  fccond  letter  mujl  be  unexcep- 
tionable, as,  befidcs  its  fianding  equally  with  the  fixft 
on  the  above  foundation,  being  dated  from  "  the  Camp" 
the  publiflier,  in  his^aper  of  the  30th  of  July,  has 
given  it  the  following  farther  fanclion,  On  faturdcy 
laji  arrived  from  the  camp  at  Congarees^  lieutenant  colo- 
Mfl  Grants  by  tvhom  we  have  a  confirmation  of  ALL  the 
particulars  of  the  option  near  Et.hoey^  contaimd  in  the 
letter  in  the  fi  ft  page  of  this  paper  of  the  itth  inftant^ 
excepting  as  to  the  quantity  if  corn  found  in  Etchsey^ 

vhick 


if 


wMch  wot  thefi  [aid  to  be  500  bujhels ;  hit  the  report  of 
Mr,  fVilfiiiy  the  commijfary^  who  is  fiow  here^  under 
wbofe  care  the  corn  was  fut^  is,  that  the  quantity  was 
not  lefs  than  600  bujhels^  all  which  was  defiroyedy  except 
what  was  made  vfe  of  by  the  detachment,  befides  a  quan^^ 
iity  of  calavanfas  or  Indian  beans,  between  80  and  100 
hujhek,  and  a  great  many  large  heaps  of  corn  flour.  ** 

This  extraordinary  letter  the  curious  reader  is  dcfi- 
red  to  compare  throughout  with  the  colonel's  i  to  en- 
able him  fo  to  do,  notwithftanding  its  length,  I  muft 
beg  you'll  give  it  a  place  next  before  his :  indeed 
k  would  go  very  much  zgainft  me  to  part  them,  as 
they  feem  fo  nearly  related  ;  the  printed  letter  appear- 
ing to  be  an  excellent  prophetical  commentary  on  the 
©ther,  and,  as  fome  think,  wrote  by  the  colonel  him- 
fclf,  efpecially,  fince  a  paflage  in  the  poflfcript  that 
fccms  to  contradia  this  (uppofition,  is  declared  to  be 
fpurious. .  This  pofifcript  I  mujl  beg  leave  to  give  the 
reader  here  (and  is  the  only  notice  I  intend  to  take  of 
k)  together  with  that  important  difcovcry  made  three 
weeks  after  it  was  printed ;  how  neceffarily,  will/oon 
be  perceived,  on  comparing  it  with  a  pailage  or  two 
m  the  colonel's  laft  letter. 

P.S.  CoL  Montgomery  and  col.  Grant  are  well,  hut 
lufy  writing  diftatches  :  They  have  both  had  fome  hair-^ 
breadth  f capes,  as  all  of  us  had,  but  that  is  nothing 
JJcw  coL  Grant  cfcaped  their  rifies  is  atnaxiug,  as  he  was 
the  only  man  in  the  line  of  foot  on  ho-feback,  Tke  pro^ 
vincial  oncers,  Morrifon,  Grinnan,  Macpherfon,  Mac- 
-dcnald,  TatKcU  and  Beaujeu  [or  Bofher]  behaved  ex- 
tremeli  zvell,  and  dijiinguijhed  themf elves  \  as  likiwife 
did  capt,  O'Niel,  and  lieut.  Dargan  of  capt.  RuJftPs 
eon.pany  <?/ ditto  [this  ditto  fliould  be  of  Rar.gers']  (capt, 
RvJJel  being  fick)  who  were  part  of  the  baggage  guard 
^naer  capt.  Peter  Gordan  ;  Mr.  Colquhoun,  capt.  Mor- 
rifon's  lieutenant,  after  his  captain  fell,  led  on  the  com^ 
pav.x  zvith  Jpirit. 

The  remark  on  this  pofifcript,  in  the  weekly  Gazette 
cf  the  6ih  of  Auguft  follovvirg,  runs  thus,  the  pa- 
ragraph  in  the  feccnd  page  of  this  paper  of  the  l6th  ult. 
rskting  to  AleJJrs  Colquhiun  and  Dargan^  defigned  U 

appear 


•Pfisr  in  s  fet§rate  srtUUy  was  inadvifitntfy  put  at 
fart  if  a  p^jtript  t§  the  litter  in  the  firji  page  of  thi 
Jam  paper  \  a  mtflake  which  a  fever e  fit  of  ficknefs  pre* 
renting  the  ufual  and  neceflary  atUniion  to  fuch  matters^ 
ietafioned  to  pafs  unnoticed  and  uncorre^ed^  which  we 
hope  the  gentleman  who  favoured  us  with  thai  letur  will 
ixeufe.  " 

Before;  I  leave  this  matter,  I  would  dedre  the  reader 
to  obfenre,  that,  excepting  in  this  fufpicious  poftfcript» 
GoU  M********v  is  no  where  mentioned,  either  di* 
re^ly  or  otherwife,  throughout  thi«  very  long  and 
jwond«rful  letter  that  col.  Grant  has  fo  particubrly  a« 
dopted.  The  reafon  of  this  obfervation  you  will  fooa 
difcovcr. 

As  I  ihall  make  great  ufe  alfo  of  the  colonel's  firfi: 
letter,  dated  from  Keehowce  the  day  after  the  fucce^ 
at  the  Lower- Settlements,  publiOied  in  both  g». 
zettes,  I  muft  beg  the  favour  of  you  to  reprint  that 
letter  too,  immediately  after  the  letter  N^.  8 1  from 
Ninety-Six,  and  both  before  the  colonel's  adopted  and 
fecond  letters,  that  gentlemen  may,  without  the 
trouble  of  referring  hack  to  their  old  news- papers 
(which  may  perhaps  be  miflaid)  be  poirefTcd,  in  an  uih- 
prejudiced  manner,  of  my  principal  authorities  in  one 
view,  and  thereby  more  eafdy  judge,  whether  thequo« 
tations  and  reafonings  from  thence  are  fair  and  to  the 
purpofe  :  but,  'tis  neceflary  to  obfcrve  here,  that  the  twa 
jpafTages  in  the  colonel's  firft  letter,  printed  in  italicks^ 

rcie,  at  the  time  of  its  publication,  fupprciled,  for 

bvious  prudential  reafons. 

Referring  my  reader  to  my  principal  vouchers,  the 
etters  juft  mentioned,  which  will  be  printed  at  the 
,nd  (efpecially  to  the  three  laft)  for  all  matters  rela- 
'  ig  to  the  £rft  campaign  in  1760,  let  me  here  inform 
.n,  in  a  few  words,  that  I  ihall  endeavour  to  prove 
e  following  propofitions: 

FirJi.  That  col.  Grant  had  the  principal  dirc6Hou 

of  the  campaign. 
Secondly.  That  he  loft  two  fine  opportunities  that 
campaign,  of  relieving  Fort  Loudoun,  and  glo* 

fiouil/  aAd  ^ff^Smlly  r^du^iiig  th^  Chcrokees. 

  ^irdlj. 


I 


t   8  ] 

Thirdly,  That  our  Rangers  did  not  deferve  the  CWlrf 
treatment  they  met  with  from  him.  — It 
will  be  noceffary  to  ihew  this,  before  we  conii 
to  the  fecond  opportunity  the  colonel  loft. 
After  thefe  three  propofitions  are  difcufled^  I  flwU 
pafs  to  the  colonel's  fecond  campaign  in  1 761,  ill  ot^itt^ 
Jirft^  to  difcover^  if  the  former  was  of  any,  and  whal^ 
ufe  to  the  fecond,  as  a  matter  of  mert  «xperieACf« 
And  here  it  will  be  (hewn. 

That  coh  Grant  remedied  ndne  of  the  matters  he 
complained  of  in  his  firft  campaign ;  that  his  coiih* 
<Ju6t  glaringly  dcmonftratcs^  his  whole  dcpendancc  wai 
on  the  Anown  cowardice  of  the  IntHans^i  for  which 
and  other  reafons,  he  might  have  gone  to  the  Vallcyt 
with  eafe,  in  the  time  he  took  htftre  he  returned  ts 
Keehowee,  and  fevcral  times  afterwards.  The  fitua- 
tion  the  colonel  has  reduced  us  to  With  the  Indians> 
will  be  fliewn  to  be  very  (hameful  and  precarious  $ 
and  that  he  may  be  fent  to  us  perhaps  a  third  time  to 
compleat  his  work,  the  confequence  of  which  will:  be 
pointed  at. 

lam  now,  in  the  firft  place,  to  prove,  from  the 
colonel's  letters,  efpecially  from  the  firft,  that  hb 
had  the  principal  diredion  of  the  campaign  in  1 760 1 
and  confequently,  that  to  him  we  and  our  pofterkjr 
will  be  lon^  indebted,  in  the  higheft  degree^  for  the 
mighty  wonderful  feats  done  therein.  This  having 
been  of  late  made  a  queftion  by  fomefew,  who,  partis 
cularly  fince  col.  Grant-  favoured  us  with  his  laft 
"vifit,  have  complimented  col.  M  y  wltll  it^ 

makes  it  neceffary  to  difcufs  it  here  in  limine ;  an^ 
how  can  we  decide  this  point  better,  than  by  the  a(t- 
liftance  of  thefe  two  letters,  which  were  both  laid  be- 
fore  the  legiflature  of  the  province,  and  the  firft  pri|«^. 
ted  by  authority,  the  only  one^t  was  fo  during thait 
campaign  ?  Col.  M — — y,  ^i*  generally  bclievetf, 
had  the  the  Name,  which  i*^  not  wortn  difputing 
about:  but  who  ajumed  thtTni^o  is  the  queftipn. 
It  plainly  appears  then,  by  the  firft  letter,  i)eyond^alI 
contradi<aion,  fo  much  fo,  that  it  is  needlcfs  to  trou- 
ble yott  with  any  quotations,  that  col.  Grawt  thliught 
.  }1     .  hifa- 


7 


f  ^  ^  . 

feihfclf  at  tcaft  upon  an  efual  footing  A  toltA-^^ 
.u— — y,  from  the  (hare  he  ckiiihs  of  the  mtrit  in  plaft* 
fting  and  ordering,  as  well  in  executing  t^e  fucrtf*4 
ful  enterprise  there  melitioned  ;  Which,  though  it  ii 
amazing  to  think,  how  he  cbiild at  making  it  of 
half  the  importance  l^e  didy  ntay  be  truly  called  a  wtll- 
fcondufted  fbldier-like  tranfa^ion  j  tine  bhly  oneiii 
both  cafrtpaigria  worth  rdatirig.  In  H 1 4  fuppofed  coii- 
fcquencfcs  of  it,  .in  rfcgard  to  the  moft  tlTentlal  objeft 
of  the  wari  a  Peace,  docs  he  not  ff ep  fl^ill  higher  ? 
When  ^alont  dcclaringi"  iht  correHion  yott  wtU  dlktt^ 
has  hitn  prtity  fevers  j;  anii  1  dare  fay  ^  the  iJUhoIe  natiin 
fuill  readily  come  into  terms ^  and  will  not  be  vny  fond  ojf 
hreaking  them  }  arid  I  think  peace  with  tkm  is  d  d'ftrd^ 
hU  tvent  fo;r  this  province  i  "  'which  moft  improbable 
dare-fay,  that  he  takes  fo  rtiuch"  care  to  aflure  his  ho- 
nour is  peculiarly  his  own  (for  coL  M  v  y's  opi- 
nion ih  this  grand  concerfo  he  is  left  to  guefs  at)  wc 
find  prevailed  (by  what  immediately  follows  in  that 
letter,  which  deferves  the  reader's  particular  attention) 
and  lindoubtedly  occafion'cd  the  long  unhappy  delay 
at  Fort  Prince  Georger,  at  that  moil  critical  jundure, 
when  a  nioment's  time  cugHt  not  even  to  have  btcrt 
rifi^ued.  This  iii  all  probability  Was  the  great  cauft; 
(as  I  fhall  ^ndeavotll-  to  Ihew  more  at  large  by  and  by) 
of  the  lofs  Cff  Fort  Loudoun  i  the  marfacrc  of  great 
^art  of  the  garriion  j  and  of  the  laftmg  difhonour  then 
brought  lipoii  his  majefty's  arms ;  together  with  the  lon^ 
train  of  misfortunes  and  heavy  taxes,  entailed  iiport 
the  prbvihce  ever  lihce,  and  for  years  to  come,  even 
fuppoling  the  Indians  to  continue  quiet,  vvhich  I  ami 
afraid  I  may  in  my  turn  ^^dare  fdy  "  too  they  will  not 
Tcry  Jong  (fhould  the  French  but  have  an  opportuni- 
ty of  fupplying  them)  even  if  we  fiibmit  to  pay  fc^^ 
tvLX  people  they  have  J?///  prifoners  amohgft  thchi* 

To  return  from  this  digreflion,  docs  not  col  Gnnt 
^fo  alTuflfie  a  right  of  advifing  his  honour,  and  corref- 
poriding  with  him,  when  he  fays,  «  it  will  betieceff  ir^f 
you  Jhould  write  a  letter  to  encourage  fome  of  the  Rangf  r$ 
to  go  to  Ftiri  Loudoun^  "  &c.  &c.  and  **  iJhaU  be  glad 
iff  biirfrmyw  as  foon  as  poffible^  "         Since  we  fin<f 


{    10  J 

l^iH  in  this  and  the  laft  Inftancc  feizmg  and  poKcffinf 
'liimfelf  of  the  moft  confpicuous  ftation,  the  top  of  all, 
and  thence  viewing,  judging  and  direaing  every  thing 
'around  him,  we  cannot  wifli  him  nor  he  pufti  himfelf 
higher;  therefore  'tis  time,  on  the  other  hand,  to  en- 
quire a  little  after  col.  M  y ;  and  here  give  me 

leave  to  alk,  if  there  is  one  finglc  pafTagc  in  all  thai 
fo  important  letter,  where  he  is  reprefented  as  tranfaft- 
ing  (^ions  any  one  thing,  or  even  giving  his  opinion 
feparately^  relative  to  either  War  or  peace  with  the  Che- 
rokees?  is  not  the  language  throughout  either,  at, 
M  y  and  1  Were  convinced*' —  *'  were  rejfolved^  ** 

&c.— «  WE  Jhall  make  ufe  of  Tiftoey^*-^  "  WE  Jhalt 
fend  off  an  exprefsy  "—or,  "  I  informed  you^  «  I 
dare  fay  "  I  ihink^  "  &c.  —  "  I  have  been  obliged 
to  fend  a  guard  "?  Can  this  he  the  ftile  of  one  undei^ 
Command  ?  Lhes  it  not  rather  plainly  fhew  the  contrary  ? 
As  to  the  title  to  the  printed  letter,  which  belies  the 
contents,  any  pcrfbn  may  fee  how  unnatura^lly  rt  ftand$ 
there  :  'tis  certain  no  fuch  was  to  it  when  laid  before 
the  aflembly,  and  hoW^fo  apparently  aukward  and  in- 
confiftent  an  head- piece  came  to  be  tacked  to  it  after- 
wards, is  not  eafily  accounted  for :  furely,  whocvef 
d^id  it,  muft  not  have  read  the  lettcf,  or  he  coald  ne- 
ver have  been  drawn  into  fo  unlucky  a  miftake,  to* 
the  prejudice  of  col.  Grant's  military  fame,  and  per-< 
haps  modefty  too,  with  all  who  read  that  account, 
-without  the  honour  t)f  knowing  HIS  fo  refpcdablo 
abihties. 

Fart  of  the  laff  cl'aufe  in  this  letter,  ai  foixle  gerttre- 
fnen  underfland  if,  is  too  material  to  this  queftion 

Jiot  to  be  quoted  here,  «'  Cel.  M  — y  deftres  his 

nfpeSfs  to  you  ;  he  does  not  trouble  you  with  a  Utter y  as 
I  havt  wrote  fo  fully,  "  Doubtlefs,  this  paflage  is  in- 
tended to  make  it  appear  the  cofoncl  faw  this  lettei' 
beiore  it  was  fent but  I  muft  beg  to  be  excufed  fol* 
doubting  that  he  did,  from  the  cautious  wording  it^  for 
it  is  not  faid  that  he  did :  however,  if  he  did  fee  it  (a# 
thefe  gentlemen  argue)  and  admitted  col.  Grant's 
ri^ht  to  make  ufe  of  the  remarkable  expreffions  there- 
in, it  eiiabliihes^  beyond  all  contlididllon^  the  point 


'1 


eontcnded  for.   As  to  the  letter  col.  M  beet 

his  honour  to  forward  to  general  Amhcrft,  nothing 
pofitivecan  be  drawn  from  thence,  to  invalidate  thif 
matter,  unlefs  the  contents  were  known,  and  known  to 
be  his  for  jt  IS  not  faid  whofe  letter  it  is,  and  it  is  not 
unhkely  to  be  one  of  thofe  fcveral  letters,  which  col. 
Grant  takes  fo  much  pains  to  teU  hi3  honour  he  was 
^'fi  fatigued  tn  writing bcfides,  many  officers  might 
liaye  the  honour  of  writing  a  letter  to  the  general. 

1  IS  time  now  to  fee,  what  the  fecond  letter  con- 
tains relative  to  this  point;  butfirft,  'tis  neceffarv  to 
guard  you  not  to  lofe  fight  of  the  fubjeas  of  each, which 
are  of  fomewhat  different  complexions ;  ^he  firft,  a  pom- 
pous exaggerated  account  of  an  advantage  gained  over 
the  Indians  ;  the  other,  a  moft  curious  apology  for  an 
unaccountable  retreat.— This  clue  will  help  you  to  dif- 
cover  col.  Grant's  admirable  dehcacy  in  one  or  two 
nice  hints,  and  particularly  in  the  following  pafTage, 

the  only  one  in  either  letter  where  col.  M  y  i, 

even  permitted  to  appear  to  have  the  foU  diredion^ 
which  he  IS  honoured  with  juft  before  "  zve Jioie  a  march 
upon  them  in  the  night  to  get  fafe  back  toJCeeho- 
wee  \   a  moft  fufpicious  ill-favoured  j  unaJjSSideed  » 

«  in  this  fituation  "  (we  are  told)      coL  M  • 

thought  it  advifeable  to  return  to  Fort  Prince  George^  " 
&c.  No iiir^r  here  !  what  mode%!  what  felf- 
I  denial  1  When  the  adion  was  a  little  more  confpi- 
cuous,  as  in  a  pretty  litrle  afFiir  at  the  clofe  of  this 
letter,  who  but  "  I  was  obliged  to  march  a  company  of 
light- infantry  into  the  fort  to  bring  them  to  reifon^  "  and 
m  the  firfl  letter,  both  coL  M  — ^  y  and  I  -uiere  rf^ 
folved  to  take  the  advantage  of  their  negligence,  by  a  forced 
march  that  night:'  ^  ^  J 

Though  I  am  apt  to  think  there  is  feme  very  mate- 
rial  miftake  in  reprefenting  the  firft  and  laft  of  thefe 

adtions  (unlefs  they  are  averagea,  and  coL  M  j 

had  the  whole  honour  of  the  firft  allowed  him  by  col. 
Grant,  in  order  to  repay  him  for  what  col.  Grant  had 
before  borrowed  of  him  cut  of  the  laft,  if  fo,  then  to  be 
lure  this  point  is  fairly  fettled)  as  I  have  heard  them 
related  m  a  cjuite  different  manner,  that  this  laft  wts 
.. :   ^  %  ... ......  ..^.^ the 


((fis  particular  remarkable  cafc,whcrcin  cpl.  M-««m«^| 
(br  oace,  contrary  to  col  Grant's  opinioii,  refolvti 
U  ttike  advant^i  uf  tb«  ln4iaps  tifgligincey  "  &c.  an< 


ss  ufuil,  but  with  great  reludance,  confented,  other* 
wife  the  dcftrudion  of  the  Middle  Settlements,  per- 
haps, would  hot  haye  been  deferred,  tq  produce  thoff 
glorious  laurels  reaped  there  the  fucceeding  campaii^n,  at 
Uaft  without  trying  a  fccond  brujb**  with  the  Indians  ; 
and  he  e  I  cannot  help  lamentiiig  (fuppoiiqj^  this  to  b^ 
true)  how  unfortunate  it  was  for  the  provmce,  that 
col.  M-Ti-r-— -y,  if  he  was  cleat  ly  commander  in  ^rhicf,, 
^ho  had  begun  this  campaign  with  fo  fpirited  and  fuc^ 
cefsfui  a  specimen  of  his  judgment  at  Twelve-Mil^ 
creek,  ihpuld  ever  afterwards,  and  moft  unhappily  t% 
Etchowih,  give  |t  up  (begging  col.  Qrant's  pardon| 
with  all  his  accompliihments)  to  an  officer  every  waj 
fo  manifeftly  henesth  him. 

If  there  can  be  any  perfon  unacquainted  nHth  any  oif 
the  gentlemen  that  were  on  that  campaign,  who,  not- 
withftanlJjMg  all  that  has  been  faid,  ftill  remai^ubioui 
in  this  point,  he  i|  rcqupfted  to  compare  the  printed 


both,  will,  if  any  thing  can,  amply  convince  him,  that 
|K)ne  but  one  and  the  Snie  great  negotiating  genius,  adr 
inirably  filled  in  Indian  polidcjts,  prcfided  throughoiit. 

Upon  the  whole  of  this  matter,  as  Jt  appears,  hf 
thefe  two  letters  and  from  pther  circumftances,  ths^t 
col  Grant  had  tbe  greateft  fhar«  in  the  direfiion  of  all 
the  principal ^(Slions  of  this  campaign,  even  in  thinkingf^ 

it  advifeabli  U  return  to  Ftrt  Prm^  George^  whic^i 
liis  pver-nice  delicacy  to  col.  M  y,  to  be  ^urc- 

inade  him  delirous  to  conceal ;  I  ihall  therefore  mos 
ieadiJy  concur  with  himt  in  giving  him  the  crcc^it  of 
ihem  all,  excepting  that  which  took  its  rife  front 
Twehe  Mile  creek,  which  he  muft  pardon  mt,  for 
ll^e  itjdofi  juft  now  JQeoUonedj  (or  doubting  of  his 
'      '   ■■ '  rigW 


VI 


>fglit  to  any  ftiarc  in,  unlcfs  in  entirely  mtrring  thf 
good  effeas  of  it,  by  that  fingular  iJl- timed  "  dan  fay  "* 
of  his,  which  not  pnly  rendered  that  aftion  altogether 
ufclefs,  but  made  it  prejudicial  too.  Henceforward, 
when  I  fpeak  of  the  colonel,  withoijt  mentioning  any 
pamc,  I  would  be  underftood  to  mean  coL  GRANT, 
and  him  only^ 

I  (hall  now  proceed  to  (hew,  that  the  colonel  loft 
^wo  fine  opportunities  in  1760,  of  relieving  Fort  Lou- 
doun, and  glorioufly  and  cfFedually  iinifliing  the  war 
pirith  the  Cherokees- 

The  ^rft  and  btft  opportunity  of  all  was  loft,  by  thf 
ill  judged  unaccoyntable  /iclays  at  Keehowee,  after  the 
^urpiizc  of  »he  Lower  Settlements  ;  for,  had  a  proper 
|ind  fpeedy  advantage  been  taken  of  the  apprehei:iionf| 
fhofe  Indians  were  then  undoubtedly  under,  the  army 
inight,  immecJi^tely  after  that  ftroke,  have  run  thfoJf>h 
all  the  towns  in  the  nation,  with  little  hazard,  as  th<; 
terror  of  it  would  have  fprea^,  fafter  than  the  troopt 
cp\i\d  have  marched,  and  they  would  have  been  in  th^ 
piid&  of  the  Indian  towns,  one  after  another,  in  al| 
probability,  before  thp  Chprotees  could  have  had  time 
^o  recolle^  themfelves,  and  ad  properly  in  their  own 
iijcfcnce  :  befides  this,  the  uncommonnefs  of  the  thing, 
«vouId  have  made  a  durable  impre^on  on  thofe  fa v ages, 
and  not  unlikely  on  their  abettors,  the  Creeks  too,  to  chft 
honour  and  dread  of  his  majefly's  arpis  for  many  gene- 
rations, and  the  lafting  fecurity  of  this  his  province, 
This  fuppofitlon  cpl.  Grant  cannot  poflibly  obje£l  to 
as  improbable,  becaufe  he  has  faid,  f  wi  Jkall  maku 
^feofTiftoey^  t^c/to  infer ^  their  nation^  th(it  tbmgh 
$hey  ARE  IN  OVR  POWER,  VJi  are  rea4y  to  give  them 
pace  "I  From  this  fpeech  to  our  lieiitfnant- governor 
loo,  whom  fi|rcly  he  woujd  npt,  for  the  good  of  hit 
majefty's  fervipc  ant)  the  fafety  of  the  province,  endea- 
vour to  deceive,  it  plainly  appears,  he  cannot  d«ny 
this  ftep  to  have  been  feafible.  Now  let  us  fee  if  \t  wat 
not  abfolutely  neceflary  too.  Had  the  ittcmpt  been 
inade,  and  fuccefs  crowned  it,  the  utmoft  cxpedationt 
and  wi0ies  of  the  people  would  have  been  thereby  an- 
<WW«d,  together  with  general  Amherft's  intentions, 

rignific4 


■V* 


in 


pgnificd  to  our  then  governor,  in  the  following  wor^ti 
that  at  prefent  the  troops  now  in  the  province  piiift 
fo/ely  purfue  the  ends  they  were  fent  for^  viz.  the  mcjl 
effeetual  punijhment  of  the  Cherokees  and  their  abettors,  " 
So  foon  as  that  work  is  compleated,  they  muft  that 
injlant  come  away  ;  "  their  own  declared  defigns  would 
the  fame  time  have  been  accomplifhed  too  [See  N*». 
Si]  **  of  throwing  in  a  fupply  of fiour^  cattle^  and  other 
meceffartes  into  Fort  P^rince  George  and  Fqrt  Lou- 
Z>0UN,  "  the  latter  then  in  a  known  miferable  ftarying 
condition,  as  appeared  from  a  letter,  in  the  weekly 
gazette,  from  that  garrifon,  by  the  exprefs  that  paflc^ 
through  the  camp  (mentioned  in  letter  8i)  when  at 
Ninety-Six,  with  difpatches  dated  from  thence  the  17th 
of  May,  at  which  time  they,  after     having  bartered 
cway  every  things  eyen  their  Jhirts  and  blankets^  yet 
had  not  five  weefs  provi/ion  left,  "    Ought  not  every 
motive  ef  honour,  generofity  and  humanity  too,  to 
have  concurred  to  excite  a  fpeedy  endeavour  to  relieve 
fhofe  forlorn  people,  even  if  col.  Grant  had  not  de- 
clared the  nation  to  be  **  im  his  power  ?  h^t  as  he 
did,  what  could  be  his  motive  to  hefitate  ?  was  there  a 
moment  to  fparc  ?  Is  it  ufual,  when^  si  garrifon  is  redu- 
ced to  the  laft  extremity^  to  defift  from  taking  all  ad- 
vantages of  an  enemy,  efpecially  2  favage  one,  when  not 
only  our  friends  liberties,  but  their  lives  too, were  inow/f 
to  be  at  flake  ?  why  then  were  three  weeks  fuffered 
feelingly  to  be  trifled  away  at  Keehowee,  for  runners  t9 
go  backwards  and  forwards  upwards  of  300  miles,  by 
that  means  give  fome  pf  the  Rangers  time  and  occafioh 
to  cool,  bedifgufted,  and  defert;  our  friendly  Indians  to 
leave  us ;  and  the  Cherokees  an  opportunity  to  recover 
their  fpirits  and  defpife  us,  to  fteal  our  horfes,  and  coJ- 
left  themfclves  together  by  calling  in  all  their  hunters  ? 
and,  above  all,  to  rifque  the  lives  of  above  200  fellowr 
fubje£b  at  Fort  Loudoun,  then  loofced  upon  by  the 
Indians  as  their  certain  prey  ?  when,  by  co\.  Grant**! 
largeft  accounts,  we  had  but  40  Indian  prifoners,  and 
all  of  them,  excepting  two  or  three,  women  and  chil- 
dren (and  the  women  they  are  known  to  regard  very 
.litple}  tQ  iafure  our  200.   Could  it  be  thought,  the 

Chf- 


1 


Km*  will 

t  t6  t 

too  tHiith  e^daufted  hy  fhort  allowaiice  and  hid  pt4^ 
▼ifions  ?  and  farther^  to  make  fils  majcfty's  armi  appeaf 
ftill  more  contemptible  to  the  Indians,  by  fuch  dcfpicablc 
childifli  threats,  mere  gafconading  1  ^which  I  am  forry 
to  fay  has  beeji  kept  too  ftcadily  ks  ever  iince,  and 
with  juft  at  much  fuccefs. 

'Tis  true,  the  colonel  fays,  "  in  my  OWm  eptntsfi^ 
'tis  mxt  to  impoffihU  for  us  ta  think  of  proceeding  over  thi 
mountains ;  and  if  they  had  not  been  furprized^  the  verp 
country  we  hafte  been  in  was  iihpra£tibU^  ^f  ^^ty  had  fpi^ 
rity  which  /  much  doubt  of.       This  is  the  firft  hint 
of  any  objeaioh  to  go  to  Fof  t  troodoun,  which  wa^ 
fo  new  and  furpuxing  to  the  affembly,  that,  in  theif 
anfwer  to  his  honour  the  lieutenant-governor's  congra- 
tulatory meifige,  fcnt  them  on  the  fuccefs  at  the  Low- 
er-Towns, together  with  the  colonel's  letter,  they 
could  not  help  joining  with  his  honom-  in  fentiments, 
and  words  too,  that  "  that  important  event  might  be  a 
tneans  of  refioriiig  and  eftablijhing  peace  with  the  Indiant 
Mpona  fure  and  lafling  foundation^  ir  proferly  im^ 
PROVED.  "    Thcfe  w«rds  of  his  honour,  were  the« 
thought  ominous,  and  to  dlude  to  the  above  expreiEon' 
6f  the  colonel's.  — » How  could  the  colonel,  ^onfiftent 
with  the  above  declaration,  write  to  his  honour^  "  thi 
nation  was  in  our  power ^  "   and  threaten,  if  the  upper 
Indians,  or  thofe     over  the  mountains  "  did  not  come 
«  to  treat,  "  to  lay  all  "  their  towns  in  ajhes  or, 
how  could  he  defire  the  governor  «  to  encourage  fame  of 
the  Rangers  to  carry  fiour  and  cattle  to  Fort  Loudoun  "A 
Could  part  of  the  Rangers  do,  what  Was  «^  next  to  im^ 
fojfible  '*  for  the  whole  army  to  do  ?   I  believe  the 
colonel  was,  refolv'id  indeed,  not  to  proceed,  ovef' 
the  mountains ;  "  and,  that  his    own  opinion  "  shoUlUT 
prevail,  notwithftanding  "  he  much  doubted  of  the  In-- 
diansfpiriti  "  the  only  thing  that  could  prevent  him^ 
—but  more  of  this  by  and  by. 

If  it  was  never  intended  to  go  over  the  moun" 
lains  "  to  Fort  Loudoun,  what  can  be  the  pretence 
for  not  pufliing  immediately  as  far  as  was  ?  the  utmoff 
expedition  was  required,  as  well  to  return  to  the  gft 
ME^y  »  to  relieve  that  garrifon ;  thii  would  havir 


t  1 

laved  time  at  Icaft,  and  added  no  little  weight  atiA 
authority  to  the  exprefs  to  the  Littlc-Carpenter.  If  the 
tticffenger,  together  with  Tiftowih  and  the  Old- War- 
rior of  Eftatowih,  could  have  aflured  the  upper  nation^ 
that  the  army  fet  out  with  them,  the  Little  Carpen- 
ter would  then  have  had  fomething  to  work  upon  their 
fears,  and  urge  them  to  fecure  the  garrifon  for  their 
friends,  by  laying  them  in  immediately  the  corn  re- 
quired, which  in  all  probability  would  have  been  dond 
too,  had  the  army  marched  With  the  melTengers, 
*tis  well  known  they  were  much  frightened  when  they 
firft  heard  of  the  troops  deftroying  the  Lower  Towns : 
but  when  they  had  time  and  opportunity  given  themt 
to  make  ufe  of  evafions,  was  there  room  to  expeO: 
any  other?  efpecially,  as  the  army's  unaccountable 
halting  muft  certainly  look  fufpicious,  and  give  thefc 
wily  people  juft  reafon  to  think  (as  'tis  known  they 
did)  that  the  colonel  was  afraid  of  proceeding  further; 
and  in  the  interim  while  they  were  amufing  us,  muft 
not  this  fufpicion,  efpecially  at  that  moft  critical  junc- 
ture, be  a  fine  topic  for  their  warriors  to  enlarge  upon 
in  their  town-houfes,  to  excite  their  nation  to  conti- 
nue a  refiftance  which  that  circumftance,  and  that 
OKLY,  made  fo  likely  would  terminate  in  their  favour 
to  the  utmoft  of  their  moft  fanguine  wifhes  ? 

I  am  very  forry  to  be  obliged  to  acknowledge  hcrCj 
Ihat  the  province  did  not,  juft  at  that  time,  properly 
•onfult  ^fcSr  own  fafety,  and  ad  with  that  fpirit  it 
apparently  has  ever  fmcc.  Of  this  the  remarka- 
ble regiment  of  looo  men,  fo  haftily  voted  for  the 
13th  of  February  1760,  to  be  raifed,  paid,  and  dif- 
charged  again  by  the  ift  of  July  following,  is  a  very 
confpicuous  inftance.  The  members  then  met  toge- 
ther (only  21  befides  the  fpeaker)  were  divided  in  their 
opinions  of  the  proper  meafures  to  be  taken  at  that 
xnoft  critical  junaurc  j  ten  were  for  agreeing  with 
the  committee,  to  provide  for  only  500  men, 
proceed  with  f#me  Rangers,  to  relieve  Fort  Prince 
George,  at  that  time  clofely  bcfct  by  the  Indianif 
this  the  other  eleven  difagrccd  to:  immediately  after 
thit,  a  motion  Wa3  made  and  carried,  to  provide  for 

C  1000 


i    '8  ] 

xooo  men  ;  and  in  about  tien  refolves,  pne  after,  ano- 
ther, the  pay  of  the  officers  and  men  was  determined 
upon  ;  but  two  more  refolutions  at  the  ciofe,  that  the 
field-officers  pay  (hould  not  commence  'tlli  the  regt- 
tnent  was  formed,  nor  that  of  the  captains  'till  they 
had  raifed  half  their  men,  together  with  no  tents  be- 
ing allowed,  bounty-money,  or  even  prefent  pay  pro- 
vided, efFedually  deftroyed  every  thing  that  was  car- 
ried before  :  whether  its  being  almoft  a  bare  houfe,  or 
what  elfe  prevented  that  necefTary  matter  being  then 
properly  and  ufcfully  defigned,  is  difficult  to  fay; 
however,  this  is  certain,  that  the  gentleman  that  made 
the  motion  was,  the  fame  evening,  very  forry  he  had  not 
joined  the  other  ten,  and  fo  carried  the  500  men  only, 
which,  'tis  not  unlikely,  woyld  have  been  better  en- 
couraged and  provided  for;  but,  the  end  of  his  mo- 
tion was,  in  order  to  relieve  Fort  Loudoun,  which, 
in  the  mefTage  to  the  governor  upon  thefe  matters, 
was  THEN  very  rightly  declared  by  the  houfc,  as  not 
to  be  done  by  the  province  in  its  prefent  calamitous  Jiate^ 
for  before  that  mefTage  was  ordered  to  be  drawn, 
when  the  two  lafl  refolves  were  carried,  many  gentle- 
men thought  not  an  hundred  men  of  that  regiment 
would  ever  be  fecn  together,  and  fo  it  proved.  The 
fmall-pox  then  raging  in  Charles-Town,  prevented 
the  public  bufinefs  being  carried  on  in  a  proper  man- 
ner, as  confiderably  above  half  the  members  of  the 
houfe,  upon  that  account,  were  afraid  of  coming 
to  town,  which  in  all  probability  was  the  princi- 
pal reafon  of  matters  being  carried  in  that  uncom- 
mon manner  at  that  time ;  for  they  no  fooner  met  in 
larger  numbers  at  the  ferry,  but  every  thing  went  in 
a  prudent,  proper,  and  fpirited  manner.  Could  that 
regiment  have  been  raifed,  that,  with  the  Rangers 
then  provided  for,  would  have  been  thought  full  fuffi- 
cient  to  have  gone  to  Fort  Loudoun.  Mofl  of  thofe 
gentlemen  that  were  for  the  regiment,  were  of  opi- 
nion general  A mherfl  could  not  have  been  able  to  fpare  , 
us  any  men,  from  that  important  campaign  he  was 
then  engaged  in,  and  therefore  the  matter  feemed  to 
depend  on  ourfdvc?  entirely :   The  other  gentlemen 

flat- 


attered  themfelvcs  he  would,  and  .  were  not  diYap- 
ointcd;  indeed  the  excelUnt  badnefs  of  that  fchemc 
luft  have  occafioned  their  fuccefs,  as  it  muft  have 
een  abfolutely  impoffible  for  a  gentleman  of  the  tenth 
art  of  his  excellency's  penetration  and  judgment  in 
iihtary  affairs,  to  whom  a  copy  of  thefe  extraordinary 
otes  of  the  houfe  were  fent  by  governor  Lyttelton, 
o  be  a  moment  in  fufpence  to  give  them  their  juft 
-eight,  and  be  at  the  fame  time  convinced,  how  little 
e  were  acquainted,  at  that  time,  with  the  proper 
ncouragement  to  raife  troops  j  and  the  large  detach- 
ment of  picked  men  he  fent  us  fo  immediately  after- 
ards,  which  he  could  very  illy  fpare  at  that  impor- 
ant  feafon,  fufficiently  (hews  his  excellency  placed 
O  dependancc  on  the  afTembly's  refolves  in  that 
atter,  exclufive  of  the  many  difficulties  he  mitrht  ap- 
prehend from  the  fmall-pox,  then  knovjn  to  be°raging 
amongft  us. 

However,  the  fame  cxcufe  may  be  pleaded,  for  this 
government's  adling  in  this  manner  at  this  time,  as  has 
been  pleaded  by  all  the  Northern  provinces,  when  firft 
jn  like  circumftances ;  none  of  them  (when  under  no 
providential  diftrefTcs)  took  lefs  time  than  Carolina  to 
recollea  themfelves  and  aa  properly;  the  war  was 
entered  into  only  a  few  months  before ;  time  and  ex- 
perience had  not  then  convinced  us  of  our  errors,  and 
taught  us  to  fall  upon  the  propereft  expedients  ;  indeed 
when  the  people  did,  fo  foon  as  Auguft  following, 
they  proved  to  no  purpofe ;  but  this  was  not  the  fault 
oi  the  reprefentativis  of  the  province,  who  aaed  pro- 
perly ;  not  a  moment's  time  was  loft  by  ihenty  after 
the  troops  returned  from  the  Cherokee  country  ;  at 
thit  period,  and  ever  fince,  they  have  aaed  with  as 
much  fpint  as  any  aflembly  in  America  without  ex- 
ception. 

^^""'^"^  ^^^^^  marched  inta 
the  Cherokee  country,  an  entire  dependance  was  pla- 
ced on  them,  that  they  would  certainly  do  our  bufinefs, 
as  they  were  reckoned  io  fully  fufficient,  that  all  other 
cxpencc  to  raife  more  men  was  thought  abfolutely 
needlefs.    The  army  certainly      might  have  gone  h 

C  2 


I 

i 


f  } 

Hffjr  tdm  in  the  nathn^  "  as  col.  Grant  himfclf,  In  hit 
fccond  letter,  tells  us,  even  after  the  adion  at  Etchowih. 
or,  in  other  words,  might  have  gone  through  the  na- 
tion ;  no  pretence  of  want  of  men  there  hinted  at,  at 
one  of  the  caufcs  of  their  return  i  but  the  impraaabili- 
ty  of  carrying  their  wounded  with  them  :  ♦  And  that 
there  was  no  complaint  of  this  fort,  when  the  army 
marched  from  Ninety-  Six  to  the  nation,  appears  by 
the  letter  dated  from  thence  (N».  8i)  which  tells  ut 
j^38  were  LEFT,  as  fcouting  parties,  to  guard  the 
tack  fettlemcnts,  a  fervice  that  might  have  been  done 
according  to  law  by  the  militia  of  the  province  ;  be- 
fides,  the  fcttlers  thereabouts  would  have  chearfully 
done  that  fafe.  and  eafy  duty  for  the  fliort  time  wanted, 
if  thofe  fcouts  could  not  have  been  fpared.  In  Ihort, 
<nore  men  would  have  been  rather  an  incumbrance  than 
of  any  fervice,  and  was  thought  ib  at  the  time,  and  I 
believe  found  fo  the  year  following,  upon  accountof  the 
additional  number|of  waggons,  &c.  that  muft  have  been 
^ot:  befides,  the  fame  letter  (N^  8i)  alfo  fays,  "  // 
ts  hut  jujlicey  to  mention  the  hearty  manner  in  v^hich  the 
lieutenant-governor  has  co- operated  with  without 
Tjuhich  we  eould  not  have  been  thus  far  advanced*  " 

Now  it  will  be  neceflary,  before  we  proceed  to  the 
fecond  opportunity  the  colonel  loft,  to  introduce  % 
vindication  of  our  Rangers,  from  his  moft  fcvere  re- 
flections upon  their  condudt  the  day  of  a6lion,  in  his 
letter  to  our  governor. 

This  is  the  more  readily  undertaken,  and  particularly 
fcrutinizcd,  as  I  think  the  poltroonry  that  whole  corps, 
and  indeed  all  our  people  (excepting  three  captains) 
AS  accufed  of,  an  oblique  rcfledion  on  the  province  :  for 
"Whoever  can  fuppofe  fo  confiderable  a  fomple  arrant 
cowards,  muft  imagine  moft  of  the  rcff  only  wanted, 
opportunity  to  prove  themfelves  fo  too ;  for  it  feems 
tainted,  that  capt.  Morrifon  alfo,  of  our  only  company 
of  provincials  (not  Rangers,  as  letter  87  calls  him) 
might  not  have  been  killed  but  he  unfortunately  wat 
abandoned  by  his  people*  "  The  waggoners  are  inclu- 
ded in  the  fame  condemnation  with  the  Rangers ;  and 
^Ycn,  the  poor  guides,  were,  moft  gf  them     not  worth 


r  "  ] 

« JhilUnfy  "  or  perhaps  had  fome  "  Uith  dejtgn. 
The  charge  againft  the  Rangers  is  very  heavy,  / 
think  thtre  was  a  waggoner  and  a  Ranger  killed ^  and 
five  9r  ftxoftbem  wounded:  I  am  forry  that  I  cannot  fay 
any  thing  in  their  favour  j  they  behaved  moft  infamouf- 
ly,  near  fifty  dejerted  the  night  before  we  marched,  and 
they  run  ofF  to  a  man  the  moment  they  heard  the  firing 
hegin^  "  excepting  capts.  Grinnan  and  0*Neil,  who 
don't  feem  exempted  out  of  any  particular  favour  to 
them,  but  that  it  was  neccflary  they  (hould  be  tickled 
into  a  difficulty  of  utterance^  that  the  reproach  might 
fall  the  furer  on  the  reft.  What  pity  this  famous  let- 
ter had  not  been  printed  at  the  time ;  then  no  doubt 
this  pretty  ftratagem  muft  have  taken.  To  this  heavy 
accufation,  let  me  add  a  paflage  of  col.  Grant's  letter 
to  general  Amherft,  upon  his  return  to  Kcehowce, 
after  the  notable  exploits  laft  fummer,  as  taken  from 
the  London  Gazette  10140,  alluding  to  this  old 
affair  ««  they  [the  Rangers]  feem  now  to  defpife  the  In- 
dians,  as  much  as  they  were  fufpe<9:ed  to  fear  them  be- 
fore. "  Now  you  have  the  ^hole  of  this  indictment 
before  you,  of  whichi  fhall  grant,  firft,  that near  fifty'*- 
did  defert  at  Keehowee  ;  and  then  attempt  tofhcw,  that* 
not  a  SINGLE  man  of  the  reft,  who  were  ALL  in 
the  aftion  near  Etchowih,  run  off  or  defer  ted  ;  and 
laftly,  endeavour  to  prove,  that  thefe  men,  fo  far 
from  behaving  mcft  infamoufly,  <iid  not  give  the 
leaft  reafon  to  be  even  SUSPECTED  of  fearing  the 
Indians. 

Granting  that  near  fifty,  or  rather  about  forty,  as 
letter  87  cxpreffes  it,  did  defert  at  Keehowee  (though 
by  the  victualling  receipts  not  above  thirty  appears  to 
have  done  fo  without  returning  again,  fiiteen  of  which, 
not  fifty  "  the  night  before  the  army  marched;)  "  this  if 
not  furprizing  at  all  ;  but  that  three  times  as  many  did 
not,  I  confefs  to  be  very  much  fo  ;  for  a  numerous 
defertion  of  fuch  as  are  acquainted  with  the  woods  and 
by-paffes,  is  ever  to  be  expected  in  an  inaSiive  Amt- 
rican  camp,  on  a  remote  frontier,  where  the  men  have 
only  the  bareft  neceflaries  of  life  to  fubfift  on,  cfpecially 
wnongft  our  back  fcttlers,  who  arc  nioftly  hunteis. 


r  "3 

and  the  leaft  ufed  to  confinement  of  perhaps  any  fort 
of  people  whatever  ;   befides,  many  of  our  Rangers 
have  been  for  years  accuftomed  to  the  Indians,  and' 
perfectly  know  thfeir  difpofitions,  fome  of  which  muft  . 
be  fuppofcd  not  to  want  fagacity  and  difcernment,  at 
leaft  that  fcanty  pittance  it  required,  to  fee  that  fuch  a 
deftrudive  halt,  and  unnecefTary  confumption  of  pro- 
vifions,   for  three  weeks  at  Keehovvee,  at  that  moll 
critical  juncture,  i^uft,  in  all  probability,  according 
to  the  then  lateft  accounts,  overfet  one  of  the  princi- 
pal ends  of  their  coming,  the  relief  of  Fort  Loudoun, 
and  therefore  might  go  ofF  upon  that  account :  Be- 
fides, muft  it  not  inccnfe  thefe  people,  to  find  their 
comrades  pick'd  off  in  looking  after  their  horfes,  and 
the  colonel  not  only  tamely  fubmittihg  to  thofe,  and 
other  continual,  almoft  daily  infults  of  their  fcalping 
parties,  firing  upon,  killing,  and  fcalping  the  troops, 
within  Rearing,  and  fometimes  within  fight,  of  the 
picquct:  But  when  one  ruinous  and  unconditional  op- 
portunity, given  to  Tiftowih  to  bring  about  a  peace, 
was  expired,  ftill  to  fee  fix  days  more  added  afterwards  ; 
did  it,  from  thefe  circumftanccs,  require  much  conju- 
ration to  difcover  the  colonel's  refolves  ?   was  it  not 
furprizing,  that  neither  Tiftowih  nor  the  Old  War- 
rior, whofe  influence  lay  entirely  amongft  the  Lower 
Settlement  Indians,  fhould  not  be  threatened,  that  the 
army  would  march  immediately,  upon  the  firft  infult 
from  any  fcalping  party?  Add  to  thefe  things,  that 
the  Rangers  were  well  acquainted  with  the  woods,  the 
Regulars  entire  ftrangers  ;    thofe  therefore  might  ef- 
cape  with  impunity,  while  the  chief  merit  perhaps  of 
as  many  of  thefe  lay  in  necellity.    However,  I  would 
not  be  underftood,  by  any  means,  to  endeavour  to 
vindicate  thofe  deferters  who       behave  "  tnfamoujly^^^ 
though  their  defertion  fcems  to  be  owing  to  a  far  other 
caufe  than  cowardice :    but  thus  much  may  be  fa  id, 
that  had  the  army  puftied  forward  immediately,  afcer 
the  fuccefs  at  the  Lower  Towns,  there  would  not  have 
been  any  occafion  to  take  any  of  their  horfes  from 
them  for  pack- horfes,  and  then  not  a  man  of  them,  by 
»1J  accounts,  if  well  ufed,  wouW  have  deferted  \  and 

a 


a  fufpicion  of  fo  common  a  thing  as  this,  ought,  a- 
mongft  other  rcafons,  to  have  had  its  due  Influence,  and 
jreventcd  that,  I  was  going  to  fay  *'  moft  infamous  ** 
lalt  that  occafioncd  it.  Had  the  colonel  proceeded  to 
the  Dividing?,  or  Middle  Settlements,  before  he  halted, 
it  would  have  Jiad  tlie  appearance,  at  leaft,  of  doing 
bufinefs,  and  made  them  cafy ;  bcfidcs,  the  rifque  of 
falling  into  the  favages  hands,  theiC^  all  round  theni, 
would  have  been  fo  very  great,  almoft  inevitable,  as 
to  have  prevented  this  evil  efFeftually. 

I  pafs  now  to  thofe  of  our  people  that  deferve  to  be 
vindicated,  who  were  in  the  adion  near  Etchowih, 
and  continued  with  the  arm.y  'till  they  returned  to 
Keehowee  ;  not  one  of  which  run  off.  Where  could 
they  run  to  ?  into  the  Indians  mouths  ?  And  here, 
begging  the  colonel's  pardon,  wosld  not  the  expreffioa' 
have  been  a  little  more  candid  and  fuitable  to  the  pre- 
fent  cafe,  if  the  Word  IN  had  been  made  ufe  of,  in- 
ftead  of  OFF  ?    If  it  had  been  faid,  «  they  ran  "  IN" 

to  a  man^  the  moment  they  heard  the  firing  begin,  "  it 
would  have  implied,  they  were  before  o^from  the 
main  body,  to  which  they  run  in,  without  any  amHi- 
guity;  whereas,  though  they  run  ofF  to  a  man,  may 
infer  the  fime  thing,  yet  it  alfo  fignifies,  and  much 
more  aptly,  efpecially  with  ftrangers  to  the  Cherokee 
country,  their  running  ofF  altogether,  and  deferting 
the  army  entirely ;  which  'tis  known,  by  the  provi* 
fion  receipts,  dated  the  day  before  the  adion  and  the 
day  after  the  return  to  Keehowee,  that  not  a  fmgle  man 
did  :  in  fact,  it  would  have  required  ten  times  more 
courage  to  have  done  fo,  than  to  remain  with  the 
troops.  But,  to  be  fure,  there  could  be  no  *'  litttk 
dffign  "  here  to  miflead,  only  a  fmall  inadvertency : 
however,  though  I  have  ventured  to  amend  the  text  fo 
far  as  it  regards  our  Rangers,  capt.  Grinnan's  in  parti- 
cular, who  wer^near  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  main 
body  when  the  firing  began,  I  am  not  half  fatisfied  with 
it  yet :  this  place,  and  another  fimilar  to  it,  may  ftill 
undergo  ano  her  correction  ;  I  mean  the  reflexion  ftn 
capt.  Morrifon's  men  :  'tis  faid,  *'  he  was  unfortunate^ 
ly  abandoned  by  his  people ;  "  Is  not  this  expreffion  toq. 


r  «4 1 

genera!,  taking  in,  as  may  be  thought,  ALL  his  fmall 
company,  that  is,  all  the  provincials  ?  whereas,  'tis 
known,  he  had  not  more  than  twenty- three  men  with 
him,  advanctd  a  full  quarter  of  a  mile  in  front  of  the 
army :  the  reft  were  in  the  rear,  mixed  with  the  Raa- 
geis,  under  his  lieuts.  Colquhoun  and  Tatnal. 

Now,  inftead  of  abandoning  or  running  in  or  eff^ 
had  any  of  the  clever  little  dapper  fellows  that,  wc 
arc  informed,  were  fo  much  admired  by  marfhal  Brog- 
Jio,  for  their  wonderful  prowefs,  been  in  either  of  thcfc 
fituations  (and  why  fome  of  their  brethren  were  not,  it 
furprizing)  then  truly,  wc  fhoifld  have  been  told,  af- 
mc  all  yc  pufEng  deities,  to  exprefs  myfelf  proper- 
ly on  this  fo  arduous  an  occafion  !  that  thefc  handful 
of  heroes,  after  making  a  noble  ftand,  being  over- 
powered with  numbers,wcre  obliged  to  retire  (or  retreat) 
to  the  main  body,  or  perihaos  r^r«r«,  as  the  colonel  did 
to  Keehowee ;  and  why  ^^wo  advanced  parties,  one 
confifting  of  only  23  provincials,  the  other  of  a  few  Ran- 
gers,who  pretend  to  no  heroifm,  only  a  common  (hare  of 
manly  rational  courage,  fhould  be  expe^fted  to  fupport 
themfclves  flW,  (87)  "  V/V/  the  grenadier t  and  light- 
infantry  formed^"  againft  the  fhock  of  fuch  ^^averycon^ 
fiderahle  body  of  Indians  y  of  the  Lower  ^  Middle^  and  Upper 
fettlementsy  with  fome  Creeks  and  Cha^awsy  advanta^ 
geoufly  pojiedy  **  cannot  eafily  be  accounted  for.  Were 
any  of  the  regulars  upon  thefe  advanced  parties  when 
the  firing  began?  lam  told  no,  by  numbers  I  have 
enquired  of.  Was  there  a  fair  trial  then  f  Perhaps 
our  people  were  blamed  for  taking  to  trees.  If  fo, 
why  were  not  the  Highlanders  there,  to  prevent  them, 
and  teach  them  better  \  Being  left  to  themfelves,  with 
their  own  officers,  was  it  not  natural  to  fight  in  their 
own  way,  the  Indian  manner  \  If  there  can  be  any 
who  are  not  yet  convinced,  that  the  words  run  off** 
ought  to  be  changed  to  "  run  "  in,  before  they  can 
%;applicd  here  to  the  Rangers,  let  fuch  only  endea- 
vour to  reconcile  the  following  pafTage  to  their  owa 
manner  of  underftanding  thtir  running  ofF  to  a  man  : 

the  number  of  Rangers  much  diminijhedy  fome  of  their 
horfes  m{hyedin(arryingfl9ur^  OTHfiRS  not  very  fond 


■9^ Wiiiking^  '*  or,  as  letter  N°.  ?y  ^cxprc/Tes  it,  ic^^ 
\were  in  great  dijlfef^  for  horfes  to  carry  the  wounded  y 
MANY  cf  the  Raiiger 5  dif mounted.       But  the  thing  i:- 
■f{Uf  is  in  no  manner  of  way  applicable  to  the  catt'e- 
guard  or  hody  of  Rangers,  who  was  in  the  rear  of  all, 
as  we  Icarri  from  N".  Sj.        In  the  ce^'ter  of  the  pack- 
horfes y  was  cv.  officer  and  twenty  mm  from  the  picquet ; 
\find  in  the  rear  of  the  whole  ivas  the  captain  of  the  pic- 
'iguet  with  fifty  7;icn  and  one  ofjicer^  follqwcd^;'  the  cattU 
\inder  the  care  of  a  bgdy  of  Rang:rs.  "    Now,  I  fay, 
"this  body  of  Rangers,'  linder  Capt.  O^Neil,  neither  re- 
iired,  retreated,  were  xdrove  in,  or  run  ofF,  or  on, 
tinltTs  it  was  to  take  care  of  the  cattle,  their  particii*- 
hr  charge,  and  keep  thcrn  together,  which  was  fo  ef- 

,  fcdlually  done,  that  every  thing  was  faved :  " 
nay^  we  have  vot  lofi  a  hag  cf  faur  by  the  enemy y  cr 
,(i  hullockyf  a^ccorJmg  to  letter  87.  Hie  colonel 
^ndecd  fiys,  that  capt.  Peter  Gordm  fav.  d  every 
'thing  :  **  v^cry  true.  The  merit  cf  the  vvhole  is  verv^ 
juftly  given  to  that  brave  officer,  who  commanded  tl(e 
*picquet,  arii  had  t'-.e  captain  of  the  cattle- guard,  who 

;was  it  fecms  of  ufe  in  the  rear^  "  under  his  direc- 
tion during  the  march:  But  if  it  is  implied,  from 
this  pafTage,  that  the  Rangers  did  not  enable  captain 
Gordon  to  five  the  cattle,  may  it  not  be  equally  fo 
too,  that  the  other  men,  who  were  not  more  under 
Iiis  commahd,  did  not  aflift  to  fave  the  pack  horfes  ? 

I  fhall  now,  in  the  laft  plate,  endeavour  to  prove, 
that  the  Rangers,  fo  far  from  behaving  "  moji  infa- 
moujiy,  "  did  not  give  the  leaft  reafon  to  be  even  "/wA 
pelted  "  of  fearing  the  Indims.  The  proof  of  this 
paint,  is  in  a  great  meafure  obviated,  by  what  hi? 
been  juft  now  faid,  thaf  everything  wa:  faved^  end 
not  a  bullock  Toft.  "  What  greater  proof  c:dn  be  dei- 
'fed,  that  thefe  people  did  their  duty?  cfpecially,  if 
we  confider,  how  hardly  capt.  Gordon  muft  be  pref- 
fed,  when  he  took  up  the  bej!  poji  he  could findyWrnd 
fufiained  their  attacky  that  13,  the  attack  of  thejBfef 
hody  of  Indians,  for  we  are  to!d  juft  before,  Tvf(put 
i^ny  limitation,  "  when  the  Indians  founds  that  ittvas^im- 
ioffibh  to prevM curgeiiingtsthetGwn.  they  endeavoured 


f  «6  1 

^9  cut  ojf  Qurfaik  harfts  and  cattle^  butrvntfrcwtUdhtht 

taptaln  of th£ picquct y  from  doing  us  any  harm  in  thatway*' 
Now  is  it  reafonable  to  tKinlc,  that  this  gentleman, 
wiihout  the  afliilance  of  the  Ran^e-^s,  wiih  only  his 
picquet- guard,  when  he  too  unfortunately  was  a  ban* 
donsd^  "  by  his  colcn.l,  fix  niile^  front  Etchowilf, 
and  never  h^d  a  reinforccnient  fent  h?m,  though  car- 
neftly  p^^efled  for,  *till  after  the  army  got  there,  could 
iii  the  interim  defend  himfelf,  fo  m  tny  hours,  againft  an 
attacJc  that^we  arc  told  (N®.  87}  "  came  in  fuch  a  va* 
riety  of  quarters^  tJhJt  they  xjuere  obliged  to  divide  th'm" 
fglves  into  fmall  parties^  fo?ne  with  off  ers^  f.me  with 
fetjeanis  j  they  wtre  prejfed  vigsroufty  on  by  the  erumyy  " 
&c.  Is  it  probab-c,  1  fay,  that  fo  f.nall  a  number  of 
men,  could  defend  ihemfelve*  on  all  fiJes,  and  at  the' 
fame  time  take  c.ire  of  fuch  a  number  of  pack-horfc$ 
before^  "  and  fuch  a  large  gang  of  cattle  behirid  '* 
them ,  fo  as  not  to  lofc  a  fingle  one,  on  foot  too  f 
Does  not  this  matter  fpeak  for  itfelf  ?  and  is  it  not  re- 
markable, that  fuch  a  piece  of  general  and  notorious 
poltroonry  fhould  not  be  as  generally  expofed>  and 
branded  with  infamy  >  But,  on  the  contrary,  their 
general  behaviour  in  that  adion,  was  applauded  in 
numbers  of  letters.  A  particular  fellow  or  two  might 
have  behaved  "  infamotifly  "  (though  I  don't  know  of 
any  that  did)  as  will  often  be  the  cafe  among  a  body  of 
ir.cn,  which  will  always  pafs  unregarded  by  the  can- 
did. 

Who  could  hw  cxprcfied  himfelf  more  ftrongly  in? 
their  favour,  than  the  colonel  himfelf,  in  his  iirft  let- 
ter, dated  only  24  days  before  this  aftonifhing  change  ? 
where,  after  a  long  encomium  on  their  good  beha- 
viour, andfdcfiring  his  honour  to  thank  them  for  it, 
he  concludes,  *'  in  Jhsrty  I  an  extremely  pleafed.  with 
THE  WHOLE."  Can  any  man,  the  leaft  acquainted  with^ 

Cm  nature,  be  made  to  believe,  that  any  confidcr- 
body  of  troops,  confiding  of  two  diftin6l  corpy 
)orc  regulars  and  provinciiils)  of  fame  nation, 
have  behaved  fo  extremely  well  at  one  time,  as 
the  whole  to  merit  applaufc,  and,  only  25  dayS  fol- 
lowing, that  one  of  thcfc  fame  corps,  fiill  adding  :A 

conjundicit 


I.     —  J 

of  tK^  regulars ;  whkh  is  not  very  far  from  a  proparr* 
tion»  and  yf^hhou^^rf crate  bed  men  too;  and  ouf 
people  acquainted  with  thf  Indian  nianntf  of  iightingi^ 
^^ould  occafionally,  according  to  the  Amt  rican  cuftonii^^ 
take  to  trees,  cfpccially  the  handful  that  were  on  ad- 
vanced parties,  hy  themfelves,  which  would,  and  ve- 
ry likdy  did,  fave  many. 

The  behaviour  of  the  colonel,  then  only  msjor 
Grant,  to  our '  neighbours  the  Virginians,  at  Fort  du 
Quefne,  in  1 758,  v/ill  alfo  give  fome  light  into  this  aftair 
of  our  Rangers,  as  thefc  two  caiTcs  are  not  a  lit  le  fimi-f 
lar.  W c  were  then  told^  the  major  conduQed  the  march 
fo-y  that  the  furprise  \tds  compleat;  and  the  enterprize 
muji  have  fuccecdedy  but  for  an  ahjohie  difbbedience  of  or- 
ders^ tn  a  provincial  officer,  the  night  ih^y  reached  the, 
Ohio  :  and  by  this  man's  quitting  his  poji  next  morning^ 
the  party  wcis  in  a  manner  cut  to  pieces.  Thi»  mart 
mud  have  been  either  major  Lewis  or  capt.  Bullet,  the 
only  provincial  ofHcers  who  commanded  any  feparate 
parties.  But  capt;  Bullck,  after  a  ufeful  and  nobld 
Hand,  was  obliged  to  retreat,  aild  got  flife  back  to  thd 
army ;  where,  we  find,  on  account  of  thefe  infmua- 
tions,  he  defired,  and  obtained  from  general  Forbes, 
ii  court  martial  on  his  c^ndadl:,  which  was  approved 
of,  and  he  of  confequencc  acquitted  with  honour. 
Major  Lewis  was  unfortunately  taken  prifor-er  witli 
major  Grant,  and  remained  upwards  of  a  year  in  cap* 
tivity  ;  and,  at  his  return,  we  find  him  continued  ir\ 
his  rank  in  the  Virginia  regiment,  which  is  no  lign  of 
any  mifbehaviour  of  that  gentleman  :  And,  wheihcc 
major  Grarit's  being  taken  prifoner,  and  general  For- 
ties's fuccefs,  and  then  dying  while  he  was  fo,  were 
lucky  or  unlucky  circumflances  to  hiin  at  that  time,, 
is  not  a  little  dubious;  but,  'tis  more  han  probahlo 
they  aloi^e  prevented  that  mifcarruge  being  ftridly 
and  properly  enqiiirtd  into,  which  no  dzuht  the  colo- 
nel iamenis.  But  pray  give  me  leave  to  recom- 
tnend  to  your  perufal,  that  part  of  general  Forbes's 
expedition  that  reiates  to  this  affair,  and  the  very  hu^ 
inourcus  anfwer  thereto  by  a  New-Englan>'man,  as^ 
vou  will  £;^d  ihem  ia  th^e  Gcnilcnv^n's  Maga^^incs  foi 
   ....,.:L..iv:...,.,.,...^   ...,L.....^prU 


[  1^  1 

Ap>n  and  May  1759  ;  I  am  pcrfuadcd  they  will  not 
only  clear  up  feveral  matters  very  fimiLar  to  the  point 
before  us,  but  highly  divert  you  befidcs.  In  that  af* 
fair,  as  w  Jl  a?  this,  it  was  ahjolutely  neujjary  to  lay 
the  blapie  fomembere^  and  where  could  it  be  poflibly 
more  judicioujly  and  canveniently  pLccd  in  both,  than 
on  the  provincials^  who,  to  be  fure,  know  nothing  ot 
military  matters,  even  regarding  thsir  next  neighbours 
the  hdian^.  Now  fupoofing  nsw  raifed  provincials  are 
not  ALWAYS  to  be  compared  with  new  raifed  regu-  < 
lars,  is  it  much  to  be  wondered  at  ?  Is  it  not  rather  to 
•be  expe^ttd,  they  will  grow  vjorfe  and  loorfe  ?  Where 
is  the  encouragement  for  any  gcntlcm^-n  in  the  pro- 
vinces, of  fpirit  and  fortune,  who  have  abilities,  to 
turn  out  I  Have  they  ever  an  opportunity  of  shewing 
them  ?  Are  they  not  alw*iys  commanded  ?  Qf  what  a- 
vail  are  the  new  regulations  by  adt  of  parliament  ia 
their  favour  I  Will  not,  and  does  not,  a  brevet,  a 
particular  commillion,  and  even  a  rotation  commif- 
jion,  fuperccdc,  notwidiftanding  that  acft,  a  provincial 
i)iliccr, 'of  ar^y  rank,  merit,  or  itanding  whatever ;  as 
well  in  purely  Indian  matters  as  others  ?  A.nd  not- 
withflaKding  this  great  and  cokJI ant  care  to  put  \i  out 
of  their  power  to  do  any  mifchief,  yet  (to  conclude 
this  head  with  the  judicious  New- England  man)  "  Un- 
happy provincials  f  if fuccefs  attends  where  you  are  joined 
vjlth  the  regulars^  they  claim  all  the  honour^  though  not  a 
Unth  part  of  your  number  :  if  dlfgrace^  it  is  all  yours ^ 
though  you  happen  to  be  hut  a  fmall  part  of  the  whole, 
and  have  no  command ;  [the  exnct  caie  of  ours]  as  ifi 
regulars  we^'g  in  their  natures  invincible  when  not  mixed, 
%vith  provincials^  and  provincials  of  no  kind  of  valut, 
without  regulars,  "  

Now  let  me  proceed  to  the  fecond  opportunity  the 
colonel,  in  all  probability,  loft,  of  effectually  and  glo-- 
rioufly  finifhing  the  war  with  the  Cherokees,  by  hii 
unnecefTary  return  from  Etchowih, 

Here,  though  feveral  very  forcib'e  arguments  ad 
hominem  might  be  drawn  up,  from  the  40  dead  bodies 
that  he  tells  us,  fix  days  after  the  a£lion,  fo  grave- 
ly ax;d  pgfitivdyj  without  any  rcfiricllQU  wbatcyejc. 


r  30  J  ^ 

P^Wirg  found  in  ihrte  different  hcksy  "  to  convince 
you  how  fuch  a  circumftancc  muft  naturaJJy  have  fpi- 
ritcd  up  the  forces  to  proceed,  efpccially  as  that  num- 
ber IS  of  IT4ELF  double  of  our  killed,  notwiihftand- 
ing  the  Indians  were  fo  advantagcoufly  ported;  yet  I 
fliall  make  no  ufe  of  it  at  all  to  that  purpofe  ;  and  here 
I  am  forry,  that  it  is  entirely  out  of  my  power  to  a- 
▼Old  perhaps  giving  offence  to  my  readers  o/  fentiment 
and  delicacy,  by  cal  ing  this  a  moft  barefaced  attempt 
to  impofe  on  the  public,  by  this  his  ipfc  dixit  alone, 
imftipported  by  any  evidence,  and  void  of  even  the 
kaft  appearance  of  probability  to  any  attentive  and  re- 
Jeamg  reader:   for,  was  not  the      march  JioU  upon, 
the  Indians  in  the  nighty  in  ordtr  to  get  clear  of  the  dan- 
lerom  p^Jes  near  that  town  "  ?    Does  not  the  colonel 
lay  hinifelf,  «  the  Cherekets^  &c.  gave  us  no  trouble  'till 
vjegot  near  (the  town)  Etchoe  "    Does  he  not  farther 
reprefcnt  the  place  of  adion,  where  this  trouble  hap- 
pened, as  having  paffes,    «  the  Indians  had  taken  tof^ 
fejjion  of  every  pafi ?    Were  not  then  thefe  at  leait, 
lomc  of  the  paffes  that  the  night  march  was  to  avoid  ? 
It  fo,  is  there  any  probability  of  any  party's  being  fo 
«^wl  eyed  at  to  dif  over  thcfe  three  holes?  farther, 
who,  the  Icafl  acquainted  with  the  Indians  cuftoms, 
can  think,  that  they  would  leave  their  friends  bodies 
foexpofcd,upon  fo  fufpicious  a  place  as  the  field  of  battle, 
lor  above  two  days;  when,  at  fix  miles  diflance  from 
the  army,  they  had  fo  many  fine  opportunities,  during 
that  time,  of  carrying  them  ofF,  at  leaft  of  burying 
them,  when  they  took  the  pains  to  throw  them  into 
holes?  and  if  they  were  buried,  as  letter  87  fays  the 
next  day  (the  28  h)  the  Indians  iwent  to  bury  their  dead, 
^nd  they  fcratched  up  curs  and  left  them  above  grcund\* 
ii  it  credible,  that  any  man  would  wait  to  dig  them  up 
and  count  them,  when  'tis  well  known  the  army 
inarched  that  night,  and  the  fucceeding  day,  to  their 
old  camp  near  War-Woman's  creek,  which,  accor- 
ding to  the  fame  letter,  is  30  miles  ?    What  time,  in 
this  cafe,  had  any  party,  fuppofmg  them  equipped  with 
fpades,  if  not,  with  long  nails,  to  be  fo  dangeroufly 
curious?  If  there  was  a  party,  who  wa?  thecftccr? 

If 


f    3T  J 

Tf  a  fuigle  pcrfon  was  fo  hardy,  what  Wa«  hit  nam^ 
and  charaftei  ?  Thcfc  were  qucftions  often  aiked,  bj^ 
numbers  of  gentlemen  of  theaifcmbly,  betides  others^ 
when  the  army  returned,  cfp  cially  when  it  became  ne- 
cclTary  to  fcrutinize  into  the  particulars  of  the  colonel's 
letters,  to  take  ofF  that  fatal  influence  they  had  upon  *oo 
many  (which  I  pointed  out  in  my  laft)  who  could  not 
think  any  gcntl'^man  that  regarded  his  charadter,  and 
cfpecially  one  that  bore  fo  confiderable  a  commiffion  iii 
his  majefty's  fervice,  would  at  empt  to  aflert  any  thing 
fo  roundly,  of  Aich  confequence  too,  that  be  could  not 
fupporf :  But,  notwithftanding  this  ftri£l  enquiry,  by 
fuch  numbers,  neither  the  party,  ror  a  fmgle  man  of 
any  char-£ler,  could  ever  be  named,  that  faw  this  re- 
markable phoenomcnon,  though  from  the  colonel's 
own  words  *^  ^uere  found  and  thofe  of  his  adopted 
letter  N'.  87  wi  had  occafion  to  fee^  "  &c.  this  mutt 
be  thought  to  be  a  notorious  and  general  faft,  that 
every  man  in  the  army  knew,  or  might  know,  the 
certainty  of. 

Now,  though  I  dcfpifed  taking  any  advantage,  ta 
prove  the  point  before  us,  from  the  laft  article,  w^hich 
is  given  up  as  altogether  fabulous ;  yet  the  colonel 
muft  not  be  allowed  to  take  any,  in  his  marvellous  ac- 
count of  the  wounded,  reprefcnted  to  be,  every  em  of 
them,  in  a  terrible  condition,  beyond  probability  :  in* 
deed,  it  may  be  called  a  traveller's  letter  altogether^ 
for  not  one  thing  in  the  ordinary  way  happened  to  this 
gentleman  during  that  campaign.  The  return  referred 
to  in  letter  N°.  87,  tells  us,  there  were  20  killed  and 
27  wounded,  67  rank  and  file,  i  drummer,  i  ferjeant, 
Mr.  Monro,  furgcon's  <natc,  and  7  commiifion  oiH^ 
ccrs,  viz^  enfign  Eddington,  and  capt.  Peter  Gordon, 
of  the  Royals  ;  capt.  Sutherland,  lieut.  McMartin  and 
lieut.  McKinnon,  of  the  Highlanders;  lieut.  TatnaJ^ 
©f  the  provincials  ;  and  capt.  Farrel,  of  the  waggoners. 
Tliis  account  corrcfponds  better  with  the  colonel's 
*'  above  fixty  men^  "  than  it  does  with  his  manf 
tficers  ;  "  however,  that's  a  trifle.  What  I  would 
chiefly  obferve,  is,  that  of  the  eight  gentlemen  hcr<: 
named,  only  the  two  firft  were  dSkblcd,  the  reft  very 

flightly 


C  3?  ] 

(lightly  hurt,  Mr.  McMTartin  and  Mr.  Tatnal  theixjofti 
'•^tis  eertain-lhe  whole  fix  thought  nothing  of  it,  Nov^, 
if  out  of  eight  officers  ttameKiy  find  only  twd,  that 
is,  the  fourth  part  of  them,  rhuch  hurt,  after  being 
told  too,  tliat  fione  of  thbm  cnn  walky  cVery  one  tf 
thim  mujt  have  an  attendant  :  "  Have  we  not  occafion 
to  fufpcft,  from  thence  5  from  the  Jfory'  of  the  dead 
bodies;  and  that  of  the  Rangers  (wKereih:"  I  am 
forry  thai  I  ctinrM  fay  any  tBing  in  "  his  favour ^  " 
and  it  w  .uld  b2  too  indelicate  to  fay  he  behaved moft 
infamoufly  **  to  them^  that  the  remainder  Of  thi  iit^ourt- 
dcd,  rceurned  by  tht  lump^  were  ftot  in  a  worfc  cori- 
dition  iji  proportion,  efpecially  as  it  is  well  knowrf, 
that  not  more  than  3  or  4  at  iricft  dFed  before  the  ar- 
my reached  the  Congarces  t  indeed  I  have  been  iiii- 
formed,  by  thofc  that  were  in  the  adlici^,  by  fome, 
that  not  above  a  dozen,  by  others,  rot  cxctxding 
at  furtheft,  were  fo  badly  cfF  as  the  colonel  reprefenis, 
however^  let  us  allow  27  were,  and  that  the  other 
=50,  if  left  in  a  good  poft,  would  have  been  abfe 
to  give  their  affiftance,  only  to  defend  it  if  attacked, 
V'hich  that  they  ought  to  huve  been  I  (ball  attempt  to 
fliew  prefently. 

Enough  has  been  faid  already  to  prOve  "  the  Ra:l' 
gers  are  much  dimhi'ifoed  "  ought  not  ta  have  been 
Jugged  in  here  as  one  of  the  caufes  of  this  famous  rt- 
turn^  for  *«7%  run  cff  to  a  man  "  he  told  us  before  : 
but  if  he  intends  ihofe  that  deferted  at  Keehowe^, 
•what  is  meant  by  fame  of  their  horfes  ivere  employed 
in  carrying  flour  "  P  oid  they  go  without  ihreir  horfes? 
fo  far  from  it,  hh  darling  letter  87  tells  us,  *•  th.'y 
deferted  with  not  only  their  own,  but  a  great  many  more  P^' 
We  are  told  farther,  that     ethers    (which  ?  horfes  r) 

not  very  fond  of  iJualking  ;  "  why  were*  they  not 
shipped  then  ?  no  fwitches  at  hand  ?  hard  indeed  !  If 
the  men  are  meant,  I  agree  entirely  with  the  colorier; 
I  believe  they  were  not  a  little  out  of  humour,  to  re- 
turn to  their  friends  to  be  certainly  laughed  at  ;  but  if 
they  had  been  ordered  to  face  to  the  right  about,  it 
would  perhaps  have  made  them  happy,  and  rs  fond 6 f 
walking.*'  as  any  of  the  reft :  I  wift>  they  had  been  tried. 


Now,  Sir,  the  mift  being  fo  far  cleared  away,  ii 
to  enable  u$  to  difcern  things  a  little  more  in  their  na- 
tural proportions,  let  us  return  to  our  point,  and  en- 
quire, whether  the  adual  condition  of  the  army  at  this 
time  at  Etchowih,  only  20  killed,  27  at  moftdifabled, 
and  50  (lightly  hurt,  made  it  advifeable  for  the  colo- 
nel, merely  out  of  compaflion  for  the  wounded,  to 
return  ;  not  run  off",  by  no  means,  my  gentle  reader, 
think  fo;  none  but  Rangers  aft  fo  "  moji  infamoujly 
as  that :  The  colonel,  he,  truly,  at  midnight  (N^.  87) 
{leaving  the  huu  fldnding  and  fires  burnings)  *" 
STOLE  "  away,  very  quielty  and Jlowly^  ONLY  30 
miles  !  not  a  ftep  farther,  before  he  camp'd ;  fo  eefy 
and  gentle  a  march  in  that  fmsoth  level  country,  could 
not  pofftbly  you  know  even  dtfturby  much  lefs  dtftrefs 
the  wounded  j  befides,  what  an  aftonifhing  efFeft  this 
inconceivable  piece  olfmart  generalfliip  muft  have  had 
upon  the  favages !  In  (hort,  this  warlike  ftratagem» 
equally  furpriied  all  fides.  The  Indians  were  as  fur- 
prized  in  the  morning,  to  find  the  troops  were  on 
their  march  back,  as  they^  it  is  well  known,  were  all 
furprized  at  midnight,  with  fuch  marching  orders; 
and  the  whole  province  was  furprized  at  the  reafoiis 
given,  after  fo  many  and  fo  great  encouragements  that 
the  colonelj  by  his  oWn  accounts,  appears  to  have  had 
to  proceed.  Could  it  be  expeded,  to  penetrate  int6 
the  Cherokee  country  without  one  general  hrujh^ 
even  before,  and  much  lefs  after,  the  fufpicious  and 
fliamcful  delays  at  Keehowee,  which  forved  no  pur- 
pofe  but  to  ihftil  a  mechanical  unknown  courage  into 
the  Indians,  by  finding  their  continual  irifults  tamely 
(and  as  THEY  faidj  ndt  warrior-like  borne  by  the  co- 
lonel ?  After  fo  many  incitements  for  the  Indians  to 
ftand  one  general  "  brujh^  "  could  it  be  expected  to 
lofe  fewer  men  than  he  did  ?  Did  the  colonel  think 
there  would  be  nO  wounded  ?  If  he  thought  otherwife, 
why  did  not  HIS  infuperable  difficulties,  about  themy 
prevail  at  Keehowee,  and  prevent  his  mar-ching  from 
thence  at  all  ?  He  tells  us  himfelf,  "  we  might  have 
gone  to  any  town  in  the  nation  ;  "  and  who  doubts  it  ? 
why  did  he  not  go  then  ?  «  //  was  ahfolutely  imfraai^ 

E  cahli 


V 


^Ble  to  proceed  with  the  wounded,  "  Why  was  not  t 
poft  fixed,  to  fccure  them  ?  He  no  where  gives  ifs- 
the  rcafon  ;  and  dots  not  venture  to  fay  openly  himfclf^ 
tha  he  had  not  men  enough  to  fpare,  for  that  pui  pofe  : 
however,  as  he  fays  fo  throu2^,h  hig  adopted  letter  (87) 
let  us  quo:e  that  entire  curious  paJfTage  here,  **  the 
tcwns  of  the  Middle- Settlements^  fatisfied  by  this  time 
that  they  could  not  obJiru£t  cur  prcgrefs^  had  nothing  for  it 
hut  to  carry  every  thing &way  ;  and  our  number  of  isioundr 
td  made  it  impracticable''  (his  own  word)  «* 
carry  them  farther  :  rue  had  no  FORT  to  lodge  them  in, 
nor  could  we  SPARE  a  detachment  to  cover  them  ;  hu^ 
manity  could  not  allow  of  their  being  left  a  facrifice^  for 
the  fake  of  burning  a  parcel  of  empty  houfes.  '*  Here^ 
Sir,  the  whole  difficulty,  that  occafioned  this  famous 
return^  is  fakl  to  be,  the  want  of  forts^  and  want  of 
fpare  men  to  cover  the  wouiKled.  Did  not  capt.  Pe- 
ter Gordon  glaringly  (hew,  how  cafily  both  thcfc  pre- 
tences might  be  obviated  ?  Did  not  that  brave  officer^ 
from  the  beft  poft  he  could  FIND,  beat  off  the  difFc- 
rent  attacks  of  "  the  Indians,  "  repeated  for  fo' 
many  hours,  notwithftanding  he  was  then  fo  hampered 
with  fuch  a  number  of  pack-horfes  before y  and  cattle 
ieh'md?  And  did  he  net  do  it  effcdlually,  fo  as  to  fave 
EVERY  THING  ;  "  not  fo  much  as  (%^)  «  a 
hag  of flour  lofl  by  the  eiiemy^  or  a  buiiock.  '*  Is  not  this 
a  KNOWN  and  alhiued  hdi^  that  capt.  Gordon  did 
fo  ?  If  he  had  not,  I  don't  know  what  the  colonel 
"Would  have  done  for  his  break faft  next  morning,  or 
his  troops  either,  unlefs  their  knapfacks  were  fulij 
but  perhaps  he  would  rather  have  gone  without,  to 
have  had  a  better  excufe  for  returning.  The  leavinp; 
the  cattie  and  pack-horfes  fix  miles  behi?id  h'm,  for  fi 
many  hours^  looks  a  little  fufpicious  ;  efpecially  after 
lie  had  wrote  from  Keehowee,  *'  in  MY  OWN  opi^ 
niany  Uis  next  to  impojfibley  for  us  to  proceed  over  thi 
mountains^  "  and  fecms,  as  if  he  was  determined,  to 
make  his  opinion  good.  What  elfc  can  account  tof 
fuch  conduct?  If  two  hundred  men,  which  were  the 
jnoft  that  capt.  Gordon  had  with  him,  including  pro- 
?^cia]«j  RAfi^eiSi  piickho^fcoi^u,  &c»  could,  fronv 


V 


t   35  ] 

tfee  beft  poft  they  could  /W,  or  rather  r.o  pofl  at  alU 
defend  themfelves  fo  Jong  and  fave  every  things''  what 
danger  could  the^e  be,  when  a  poft  might  have  been 
CHOSEN  OUT,  intrenched  and  ftockaded,  in  little 
time  and  with  cafe,  of  a  few  men,  free  from  all  incum- 
brances y  defending  the  wounded  from  any  attacks 
whatever  of  the  Indians  ?  Would  not  their  feeble  at- 
tempts, fo  far  from  being  dreaded,  been  laughed  at  I 
Were  Indians  alone  ever  known  to  attack  the  llighteft 
ftockadc  or  entrenchment  by  affault,  much  leS  the 
cowardly  Chcrokees  ?  Might  not  what  materials  the 
ruined  houfts  did  not  fupply  have  been  eafily  furnifhed 
from  ihe  neighbouring  wooers?  Would  not  this  have 
eafed  the  wounded  greatly,  fuppofing  they  had  been  left 
atEtchowih,  where,  by  the  colonel's  correded  account 
of  letter  87,  there  were  provifions  full  fufficient  for 
thefe  people,  wi  hout  taking  any  from  the  army,  ex- 
cepting a  little  beef,  for  a  change  ?  Though  it  would 
perhaps  have  been  rather  more  fpirited,  and  anfwered 
fcyeral  good  purpcfes,  to  have  carried  the  wounded 
with  them  one  very cafy  march  more  {not even  30 miles) 
or  a  ftcond,  if  they  were  not  attacked  in  the  firft, 
and  thert  left  them  in  a  poft :  Would  not  20  men^,  be- 
fides  the  50  that  were  fo  flightly  hurt,  with  a  few  ri- 
Hes  from  the  Rangers  or  provincials,  been  fully  fufti- 
dent  for  this  purpofe  ?  befides,  carr)ing  the  difabled  a 
march  or  two,  might  have  deceived  the  Indians,  and 
made  them  coLjeiSlure,  this  poft  was  more  for  the 
tired  men,  or  other  purpofes,  than  entirely  with  a  dc- 
iign  to  fecure  the  wounded.  Is  thcrs  any  reafon  to 
think  the  colonel  might  not  have  taken  thefe  fteps, 
and  proceeded  as  far  at  Icaft  as  he  did  the  fee  on d  cam- 
paign, but  that  he  did  not  try  ?  And  did  not  every 
motive,  that  could  poiHbly  actuate  the  mind  of  a  mail 
of  honour,  urgently  prefs  the  experiment  at  that  time, 
even  fuppofing  the  rifque  had  betn  much  greater  ? 
Was  he  not  convinced  his  enemies  were  ccntcmptibit'  ? 
Were  not  the  full  11 80  regulars,  rank  and  fre,  he  hjd 
with  him,  including  ferjean's,  equal  to  any  in  his  ma- 
jefty's  fervice  ?  Did  they  fhew  any  figns  of  fear  ?  on 
the  contrary,  docs  he  not  tcil  us,     U'c  troops  behaved 


i 


1 


[   36  1 

nmarkahly  well "  ?  and  had  he  not  270,  rank  s^^id 
of  Rangers,  and  provincials  befides,  exclufivc  of  pack- 
horfe-men  and  guides  ?  Was  he  not  acquain  ed,  at 
Ninety  Six,  with  the  ve*^y  difagrfeable  reu  s  fum  thf 
Creeks"  (81)  who  had  juil  murdered  many  of  our  tra- 
ders, and  feemed  to  wait  only  the  event  of  that  expedi- 
tion to  break  out  entirely  againll  us  ?  Did  not  this 
point  out  the  neceffity  of  ftriking  fomc  blow,  to  inti- 
inidate  thofe  Indians,  and  make  them  give  us  fatisfad- 
tion  ?  Is  it  not  wholly  owing  to  the  want  ot  fuch  a 
blow,  at  that  tipie,  that  we  were  obliged  tamely  to 
put  up  with  fo  many  murders  of  our  fellow- fuVjc6ls,  by 
thefe  wretches,  in  cool  tlood,  without  darmg  ever 
fmce  to  refent  them  ?  Did  he  not  recoiled  too,  that 
the  honour  of  his  majefty's  arms  was  at  ftake,  when  he 
Jlily  ftole  that  furprizing  march  in  the  night,  wliich 
though  the  Indians  might  admire,  as  the  monkey  did 
the  wonderful  feats  of  the  rope-dancer,  as  very  imart 
indeed  conftdering  who  did  thtm^  yet  might  they  not 
have  had  the  fame  reafon  as  pug  had,  to  think,  they 
were  nothing  to  what  they  could  perform  themfelves^  and 
therefore  be  plumed  on  thus  difcovering  their  cwn  fupe^ 
riority  ?  Bcfides  thefe  ftrong  motives,  where  was  his 
compaiHon  that  we  have  been  told  fo  much  of,  and 
which  alone  induced  him  to  return  ?  Was  it  all  con- 
fined to  his  own  wounded  ?  Had  he  no  fellow  feeling 
for  our  back-fettlers ;  no  bowels  for  the  poor  diftref- 
fed  garrifon  of  Fort  Loudoun,  whom  he  had  deceived 
too  by  tantilizing  them  with  expectations  of  relief? 
Had  the  200  poor  fouls  cooped  up  in  that  fort,  any  the 
leaft  chance  to  efcape  the  butchering  "  hands  of  the 
favages  '*  but  by  his  affiftance  ?  W as  he  not  acquain- 
ted, before  the  march  from  Keehowee,  there  could  bi? 
no  hopes  from  Virginia  ?  an  cxprefs  having  arrived  at 
Charles  Town  from  thence  13  days  before,  then  bring- 
ing accounts,  that  only  the  24th  of  the  preceding 
month  (May)  the  afiembly  of  that  colony  had  p  fled  an 
a£l  to  make  proviiisn  for  700  men ;  which  it  could 
liot  poflibly  be  expelled,  could  be  raifed,  armed,  fup- 
plied  with  carriages  and  provifions,  and  march,  time 
enough  to  favc  that  garrifon. 


V 


I    37  ] 

But  all  thefc  motives  of  encouragement,  h-inour^ 
humanity,  and  necefSty,  united  toc^ether,  we  find 
were  not  fufficient,  to  prevail  with  the  colonel,  afcer 
one  general  "  brujh  "  with  the  Indians,  and  that  a 
fuccefsful  one  too,  to  march  on  ;  *iis  furprizing,  that 
fuch  an  adept  in  Indian  matters  fhould  not  recoIlc£l, 
that  no  people  under  the  fun  are  more  remarkable  than 
Indians,  efpecially  the  cowardly  Chcroke^s,  for  never 
rallying  again,  in  a  large  body,  if  once  routed;  had 
bethought  of  this,  he  might  have  expcdied  to  have 
proceeded  without  interruption,  but  then,  that  would 
have  been  ading  contrary  to  "  his  own  "  FiPvST 
<^  opinion,  "  Is  it  not  a  moft mortifying aggravjtion, 
to  be  told,  at  this  moft  calamitous  jundu.e,  we 
have  fucceeded  in  every  thing  we  have  attempted },  the  l/t^ 
dians  have  been  heat  everywhere-,  they  nevtr  had  the 
fmallcji  advantage;  " — "  The  Indians  tvill  not  forget 
this  attack  foanJ"  What  does  the  colonel  mean  ?  Was 
he  fncering  at  our  diftrefTes  ;  letting  ks  know,  that  hz 
could  have  anfwered  the  general's  intentions,  and  af- 
fifted  us,  but  would  not  I  Upon  the  whole,  miy  not 
every  man  fee,  the  troops  could  not  be  feiifcrd  vvith  a 
pannic  ?  and  I  don't  believe  there  is  a  man  in  the  pro- 
vince thinks  they  were.  What  then  could  be  the  co- 
loners  inducement  to  return  -^t  any  rate  P  Was  his 
honour  offended  at  the  provoking  offic.odfnefs  of  the 
printers,  or  others,  who  had  fopublicklv  contradided 
his  firft  letter  to  our  governor,  by  their  impertinent 
title  ?  Did  this  therefore  oblige  him  to  think  another 
expedition  abfolutely  necejfary^  where  iie  might  have  the 
NAME  alfo,  the  only  thing  this  then  a^ing\\z\iitnzT\t 
colonel  wan*^ed,  to  make  a  complete  commander  in 
chief,  and,  by  an  apparent  cafy  conqsefr,  GAIN  ALL 
to  himfelf  ?  and  that  he  was  not  wiihout  exp -dations 
of  returning  agair,  may  be  gathered,  from  his  being 
heard  to.tell  fome  g  ntlcmcn,  before  he  went  away,  th^c 
*'  //  was  more  than  probahl^y  he  fnould  rcturr.  to  Carolina 
againy  before  Chrifjnas  ;'*  about  which  time  i.e  accorc- 
ingly  did  return,  not  only  a  real  lieutenant  colonel  of 
his  majefty's  40th  regiment,  obtained  in  the  interim  (by 
liis  merits  perhaps  in pcinfi?:gj  3.t  New-  York,  but  an  ex- 

tfAodinar/ 


14 


t  3«  i 

traordinary  commander  in  chief  befides :  but  thefc  ciiv 
cumftances,  however  ftrong,  to  be  furc,  cannot,  and 
ought  not  to,  be  expedted  to  have  any  weight,  againft 
a  gentleman  fo  extremely  rcmarjcable  for  his  delicacy, 
candour,  and  tenderncfs  for  the  reputation  of  others. 

If  general  Amherft's  orders  were  fo  contrary  (which 
is  hardly  credible)  to  his  declaration  to  his  honour  the 
lieutenant  governor,  why  did  not  the  troops  imme-* 
jdiately  return  after  the  furprize  of  the  Lower  Townsy 
without  a  moment's  lofs  of  time  ?    It  would  certainly 
have  been  lefs  prejudicial  to  have  donp  fo,  and  looked 
like  difpatch,  and  not  improbably  have  anfwcred  all 
the  purpofes  thofe  forces  were  fent  for ;  the  general's, 
by  rejoining,  him  early  enough  to  be  of  feivice  upon 
that  moft  important  campaign  he  was  then  engaged  in  j 
and  ours,  by  the  ipifchief  being  done  fo  fuddenly  and 
unexpcdledly,  and  the  troops  imipediately  vanifhing,- 
having  fuch  a  ftrong  refcmblance  to  the  Indians  own 
manner  of  fighting,  which  they  dread  indeed^  that  they 
might  not  unlikely,  through  apprehcnfions  of  fuch  an- 
other dreadful  and  unlook'd  for  vifitin  a  different  quar- 
ter, have  been  fo  intimidated  as  to  gi  'c  us  the  fatisfa£iion 
we  wanted.    'Tis  furpri^lng  this  had  no  weight  with 
the  colonel,  one  fo  thoroughly  verffd  in  Indian  matters  ! 
As  the  affair  was  managed,  that  large  detachment  was 
not  of  the  leaft  fervice  any  where  that  campaign ;  for 
it  joined  the  general  (as  was  before  fuppofed  it  would) 
too  late ;  when  his  glorious  bufinefs  was  compleatcd  ; 
though  the  troops  were  uncommonly  fortunate,  for 
the  time  of  year,  in  getting  expeditioufly  over  the 
bar,  and  in  having  an  unufual  fine  paflage  to  New- 
York.    To  us  indeed,  the  army  may  be  faid  to  havQ 
been  of  prejudice,  for  the  ftroke  at  the  lower  fcttle- 
ments,  though  a  fine  one  for  a  beginning,  lofing  all 
its  favourable  weight,  by  the  fufpUious  delays  at  Kec- 
howee,    and   the  lamentable  retreat  from  Etchowih 
that  prefently  followed,  ferved  only  to  exafperate  ihofq 
Indians  the  more,  which  was,  very  foon  after,  woe- 
fully expcri-nc-d  by  our  back  fettlers  :    And  our  rc- 
prcfentatives  in  afilmbly,  as  foon  as  they  were  inforr- 
mcd  the  troops  were  oa  their  march  back,  were  fo 


?7 


f   39  ] 

Ihuch  alarmed  tKcat,  as  immediately  to  dddrtft  thi 
lieutenant-governor,  and  reprefentto  him,  that  thtf 
apprehend-d  thi  province  to  be  in  a  much  more  dangeroui 
fituation^  at  this  junSfure  (iithof  July)  than  4t  thg 
time  the  troops  arrived  here,  *' 

Amongft  fo  many  fcarcc  plaufiblc  cxcufes  that  the 
colonel  makes  for  his  RETURN,  as  he  calls  it,  is  it 
not  furpri^ing^  that  the  only  ihort  and  fufficient  one 
(had  it  been  true)  (hould  not  be  fo  much  as.  once 
hinted,  throughout  this  curious  apologetical  letter;  I 
mean  that  which  was  verbally  propagated,  with  fo 
much  induftry,  when  the  colonel,  feveral  days  before 
the  army,  made  his  appearance  amongft  us,  that  the 
troops  were  obliged  to  come  away  as  they  did,  and 
that  it  was  never  intended  to  go  to  Fort  Loudoun  at 
all.  //i?/^  experience  (hewn  it  to  be  fafer  and  eaficr, 
after  fuch  reports  had  anfwered  their  intended  purpofes, 
fo  unfay  an  hundred  of  them,  ever  fo  univcrfiUy 
fpread,  rather  than  one  unguarded  affertion  cxpreffed 
in  writing  ? 

Though  almoft  endlefs  reflexions  might  be  made 
ticrc,  on  the  colonel's  letters  relating  to  this  campaign  y 
yet  I  lhall  conclude  this  head,  with  only  one  or  twor 
obfcrvations  more,  and  then  pafs  to  the  rext,«Ba»« 
yMgw.  Firft  then,  let  me  aft,  how  the  colonel  came 
to  know,  that  there  was  not  an  Indian  within  60  miles 
$fthe  fort  5  the  frontier  is  therefore  much  advanced  '*  ? 
Was  his  camp  near  War- Woman' 3  creek  half  that 
diftance  ?  Did  he  not  march  to  this  camp  the  firffi 
day,  upon  his  rerurn  from  Etchowih  ?  And  does  be 
not  tell  us,  the  Indians  gave  us  no  trouble  the  frjf 
day's  march  "  ?  And  were  they  not  fo  complaifant, 
«  the  fecondy  that  they  intended  to  entertain  us  in  a  very 
/Irong  pafs  "  ?  Indeed,  if  they  had  not  waited  on  the' 
colonel  fo  far^  they  muft  have  been  very  nimble  the 
^ext  day  after  he  marched  from  Keehowee,  to  have 
had  it  irt  their  power  to  refent  the  contempt  he  had 
fliewn  their  intended  entertainment^  by  killing  and  fcalp- 
fog  one  JcfFcrfon,  a  BufF  foldier,  in  fight  of  Fort 
Piincc-GeoTgc  :  This  is  a  known  faft,  and  publickly 
itrentiowd  at  the  time,  though  as  publickly  unfaid  a- 

gaki^f 


3/ 


f  40  J 

gain,  and  that  in  the  fame  paper  too  that  informed  tis, 
a  week  or  two  afterwards,  of  the  colonel's  return  to 
Charles- Town,  which  he  did,  on  particular  bufinefs, 
Xoine  days  before  the  army  rcimbarkcd. 

How  will  th^-colonel  clear  the  following  paffage  of 
a  glaring  contra^ion,  not  to  fav  impofition.  *'  *Tts 
really  unlucky^  that  a  peace  cculd  net  be  bi  ought  about  \ 
we  have  fucceeded  in  every  ihivg  we  have  attempted :  " 
Was  not  this  peace  attempted  ?  What  elfc  made 
him  hall  three  fliameful  weeks  at  Keehowec,  before 
he  marched  ? 

Let  us  now  proceed  to  make  fome  remarks  on  the 
fccond  campaign,  in  1761  ;  in  order,  amongft  other 
things,  to  cifcover,  if  the  firft  was  of  any,  and  whit 
life,  to  the  fecond,  as  a  matter  of  mere  experience. 

Here,  Sir,  I  muft  acknowledge  myftlf  extremely 
puzzled,  to  find  out  any  improvement  made  in  the 
fecond,  upon  the  firft  campaign,  notwithftanding  the 
colonel  was  fo  many  months  appointed  to  the  com- 
mand before  he  took  the  field.  The  marches  were 
certainly  much  more  flow  and  tedious  now  than  be- 
fore, and  excepting  that  the  pack-horfes  were  divided 
into  brigades,  and  thefe  feverally  interfpcrfed,  anp 
guarded  by  the  different  corps,  a  general  famenefs  ap- 
parently runs  through  both.  This  difpofition the 
colonel  tells  us,  *«  was  right  in  the  country  we  were  to 
a£i  in,  "  and  to  be  fure  kmujl  be  fo  ;  otherwife,  were 
it  not  too  prefumptuous,  one  would  be  apt  to  think 
that  difpofition  was  more  rightly  calculated  for  the  peo^ 
pie  he  was  to  a<a  againji,  than  for  the  country  he  was 
to  a<Si  in ;  and  nothing  can  more  evidently  demonjirate^ 
that  the  colonel's  chief  dependance,  from  the  very  be^ 
ginning^  was,  on  the  known  cowardice  of  the  Indians, 
than  his  fetting  out  with  this  order  of  march  j  for  had 
they  fuddenly  and  vigorcufly  attacked  any  one  corps, 
might  not  that  have  been  cut  to  pieces  before  the  next 
faw  its  danger,  or  if  it  did,  could  have  come  to  its  af- 
fiftance  ii>  time,  when  itfclf  was  fo  encumbered  with 
two  or  three  brigades  of  provifion-horfes,  bcfides  batt 
horfes,  between  it  and  the  other. 

From  the  complaints  in  1760,  for  want  of  pofls  and 

fparc 


I  4t  1 

fpirc  m^n,  it  ihlght  have  been  reafonably  imaglnetf^ 
•that  the  colonel  would,  as  he  had  if  in  his  power,  have 
remedied  thofeHIS  then  infuperable  difficulties,  for  furti- 
ly  HE  could  not  pretend  to  be  any  ftranger,  either 
to  the  Indians  want  of  fpirit,  way  of  fighting,  or  na- 
tural advantages  of  fituation,  after  he  had  before  {87) 

penetrated  into  their  country,  in  fpight  of  the  um^ 
ted  force  of  lower ^  middle y  and  upper  ChtrokeeSj  I  mean 
fuch  at  were  difpofed  for  war^  which  moji  of  them  wcre^ 
txcepting  a  few  old  mtn  t — and  what  is  equal  to  forcing 
our  way  to  their  town  and  dejlroying  them^  have  returned 
and  carried  a  large  train  of  wounded  mett^  Jixty  miles  at 
'leafl>^  through  the  moft  hazardous  country  in  the  world, 
in  fpight  y  all  their  efforts  to  dijirefs  us.  "  If  any  dif- 
ficulty ftill  occurred  to  him,  had  he  not  time  and  op- 
portunity to  get  abundant  fatisfa6lion,  while  in  Charles- 
Town  and  in  our  fcttlemcnts,  regarding  the  fituation, 
diftance,  number  of  warriors  and  houfcs,  &c.  of  every 
town  in  the  nation  ;  and  to  provide  himfelf  with  ho- 
neft  intelligent  guides,  void  of  any  little  deftgn,  '* 
and  worth  more  than  "  a  Jhilling  "  P  Is  it  not  rea- 
fonable  to  think,  this  experienced  officer,  fo  well  ac- 
quainted with  every  thing  that  could  be  neceflary  tor 
the  campaign,  would  take  care  to  provide  accordingly  ? 
cfpeciallyj  when  he  had  fo  much  time,  and  might  have 
taken  much  more  if  he  thought  proper,  as  there  was  no 
neceiTity  for  taking  the  field  fo  early  as  he  did. 

Suppofing  him  thus  furnifhed  with  every  thing  ne- 
ceflary,  for  it  would  be  a  reflexion  on  his  military  ca- 
pacity to  think  atherwifc,  we  will  endeavour  to  fee, 
prefently,  if  with  the  troops  he  had  when  he  marched 
from  Keehowee,  whether  he  might  not  have  eone  to 
the  Valleys  at  leaft. 

Might  it  not,  I  fay,  have  been  expcded,  that  th^- 
colonel  would  certainly  have  fixed  pofts  as  he  went  zsi- 
long,  to  fecure  the  wounded,  which  we  were  told, 

in  a  remote  frontier  is  a  dijl  r  effing  circumflancey  "and 

//  was  abfolutely  in.praaicab^e  to  proceed  with  them^  '* 
*\  nor  could  we  fpare  a  detachment  to  cover  them,  "  (87) 
Were  there  any  complaints  for  want  of  men  this  laft 
fummclr,  or  any  other  affiftance  whatever  ? ,  Were  not 

f  about 


mbmt  50  negroes,  at  his  own  rcqticft^  furniflicd  hirilp 
farticumrly  for  this  purpofe  ;  as  appears  by  his  honour 
the  lieutenant-governor's  meff-gs  to  the  aflembly,  d9- 
•  ted  the  2d  of  April  laft  ?    "  CoL  Grant ,  fomt  days  bi- 
f9re  he  mar  the  d  M  of  town  ^  reprcfented  ta  me^  that  in 
f  order  to  penetrate  ints  tht  mtdfi  0}  the  Cherokee  towns^ 
through  their  mountainous  cou*  try^  with  the  more  fuccefi^ 
mnd  with  as  much  fafety  as  prjjible  to  the  troapsy  he  ^rtf- 
pefed  to  fecure  his  communication  with  Fort  Prince-^ 
George^  By  ejiablijhing  pofls  as  he  advanced^  where  he 
'  might  lo^gc  his  wounded ^  ftcky  and  hisprovlfions  ;  ihere^ 
fore  he  thought  itneceffary^  that  I  Jhould  ajfiji  him  with 
about  50  able  ntgroe  men  expert  in  the  ufe  of  axes  and 
fpades, — /  thought  it  reafovahle  to  conjent  thereto^  and 
dejireyouto  make  provifton  for  the  y<7/w/.""— -Notwith- 
-ftanding  he  had  thelc  negroes,  W2s  any  communica- 
tion fecured  with  Fort  Prince  George  ;  any  poft  efta- 
fclilhed  at  ali,  excepting  he  four  days  913  men,  with 
the  wounded',  &c.  halted  4t  Cowhih,  while  the  colo- 
•nd  went  with  1448- rank  and  file  toStickowih  branch; 
-were  they  not  lugged  about  every  where  elfe  with  the 
army,  for  thirty  days,  from  the  ad^  on  near  Etchowih 
until  its  return  to  Keehowc  e  ?  Does  not  this  fbew  the 
tendernefs  for  the  wounded  in  1760  a  mere  pretence  t 
Does  it  not  alfo  plainly  fhew,  that  the  colonel  was  de- 
te-^minefi  to  avaLhimfelf  of  them  this  campaig^in  an 
indire<St  manner,  by  unneceflarily,  though  ingeniou% 
and  over  carefully,  carrying  them  every  where  witfr 
him,  that  they  might  unobfervcdly  retard  the  march, 
.fati?ue  the  men  wi:h  carrying  them-,  and  give  a  colour 
to  fuch  lahorioufty  dilatory  p  oceedings  ? 

The  colonel  told  us  in  1760,      deftroyingan  Indian 
town  may  be  cr editable ^  but  Uis  in  fa£f  a  matter  of  no 
*^r€at  confequence^  when  the  favages  have  time  to  carry  off 
[  -their  effeffs  ; — we  might  have  gone  to  any  town  in  the  na- 
but     then  we  Jhould  have  found  it  ^  or  indeed  rather 
them  all^  abandoned.  "    'Tis  true,^  the  corn-  fields  were 
dcftroyed  laft  fummer,  as  far  as  the  colonel  wehf  ;^  but 
IVo^ld  not  thcfe  have  been  abandoned  too  the  year  be- 
-fore  as  well  as  the  houfcs,  and  therefore  as  eafily  de- 
fcoyed  ?  Did  they  cot  carry  off  thdr  effe^s  laft  year  t 


r  43  ] 

If  they  had  not,  would  it  have  been  much  matter  ? 
cepting  a  few  pieces  of  gold,  or  perhaps  a  Avatch  or  iwi)^ 
that  fome  of  thv-m  michi  have  got  from  the  Fort  Lou- 
doun officers,  or  others  they  murdered,  I  believe 
"  their  moji  valuable  effeSIs  "  and  the  *'  every  thing 
that  might  have  hen  left  in  their  houfes^  which  you  may 
believe  w$uld  net  efcape,  *'  would  h  ve  confifted  inta 
few  deer-lkins,  fome  paint,  beads,  and  a  few  firings  of 
wampum.  It  would  ve  y  much  oMige  the  curious, 
and  no  doubt  highly  entertain  them  bcfides,  if  the  co- 
lonel would  be  kind  enough  to  publilh  an  account  of 
the  Cherokee  moveables,  in  his  own  fine  pidurefque 
manner. 

From  the  extraordinary  rifques  the  colonel  run  of 
his  own  chara45ler,  and  the  piiins  he  and  his  friends 
took  in  one  theufand /even  hundred  a^d fix ty^  to  Mx\KE 
us  believe  "  the  Indians  would  not  fnget  that  attack  fo%n 
^they  UJI  at  leaji  50  men^**  &c.  it  appears  plain,  that  he 
knew,  as  well  as  the  aflembJy,  what  VVOU  LD  pleafe  us, 
whatWOULDdiftrefs  the  I  dians  INDEED,  deftroy- 
ingthem  wherecver  they  were  met  with,  the  only  thing 
that  can :  Is  it  not  furprizing  then,  that  notwithftanding 
this,  the  colonel  fliould  ftill  go  on  in  the  old  road,  and  be 
kind  enough  to  give  his  friends  the  Cherokees  as  little 
trouble  as  poflible  ?  Why  elfc  was  not  a  commiifion 
officer  fent  to  major  Thomfon,  in  the  laft  adiion  rear 
Etchowih,  with  that  jnoft  intercfting  order  to  go  ta 
the  lefty  behind  the  hills j  and  endeavour  to  get  in  the  rear 
§/  the  enemy  **  ?  Was  not  a  commiffion  officer  fent 
with  all  the  other  orders  of  little  moment  to  that  moft 
important  one  ;  this,  upon  which  fo  much  depended, 
miift  be  trufted,  truly,  to  a  namelefs  blundering  fer- 
jeant  of  the  Rangers  ?  Was  it  this  fame  namelefs 
blockhead,  that  found  the  40  dead  bodies  in  the  three 
different  holes  the  year  before  ?  If  it  wa5,  it  is  highly 
neceffary  the  colonel  fliould  tell  his  name,  and  be  fo 
Jar  cleared  of  /«//r^/y  inventing  that  ftory  himfcif. 
We  were  alfo  told  the  firfl  campaign  we  might  havt 
gone  to  any  town  in  the  nation.  "  It  was  not  doubted 
then ;  and  the  lafl  fummer's  exploits  have  demonflra- 
tcd,  that  he  might.   What  hindered  him  in  1760? 

why 


[   44  3 

,Vfhy  we  Jhould  have  had  a  brujb  U  get  at  it^  At- 
{iave  we  not  the  greiteft  reafon  to  think,  that,  had 

'the  colonel  only  then  made  the  experiment,  and  pro^ 
ceeded  ont  march  farther,  that  he  would  have  had  rea- 
fon to  think  himfelf  miftaken,  and  to  expert  no  more 
interruption  the  fi.  ft  than  he  had  laft  year  ?  After  the 
general  brufh  the  lOth  of  June  laft,  did  the  colonel 
meet  with  the  leaft  cppoiition  afterwards  ?  Excepting 

*  one  indifcreet  waggoner,  wl^o  was  (hot  bv  a  few  fcul  - 
Jcing  warriors  as  he  was  going  with  a  torch  in  his  hand 
in  the  night  to  get  water,  ihe  army,  or  any  party;, 

.^ot  even  the  flraggling  packhorfe-men,  who  we  e 
fometimes,  only  two  or  tlirce  together,  a  miJeor  twp 

-fioai  the  camp,  looking  ior  their  horfes,  wSPjr.ot  fo 
much  as  fired  at,  'till  he  returned  to  Kechowe?.  Whqt 
^id  the  .colonel  chiefly  depend  on  this  laft  campaign  ?? 
y/as  it  not  on  the  known  cowardice  ana  ignorance  gf 
the  Indians?  What  excufe  M  that,  could  he  hav^ 
had,  for  that  otherwife  moft  rafli  enterprizc  to  the 

'towns  on  Stickowih  branch,  fuppofmg  an  unexptded 
mifcarriage  had  happened;  and  would  pot  that  have 
})een  a  good  and  fufficient  plea  with  5^11  the  candid  f 
Had  he  not  had  numerous  inftanccs  to  confirm  him, 

.that  their  general  national  character  was  juftly  fixed, 

"as  being  abjectly  pufiUanimous  to  the  J  aft  degree  ? 
What  fignifies  fortifications,  natural  or  artificial,  if  the 
people  areknowa  not  to  have  fpirit  or  fkill  to  defend 
them  ?    Was  not  the  rQute  to  Stickowih  bianch  fij 

4iifficult,  that  the  men  and  horfes,  many  of  them, 
could  not  keep  their  feet,  but  were  frequently  tumr 
bling  down  ?  I  am  informed,  by  many  of  the  gentlct 
men  who  were  there,  and  have  favoured  me  witb 
their  journals,  tb^t  cuie  hundred  men  of  fpiiplt  and 
condua  might  have  kept  off  and  ruined  the  colo- 
nel's  whole  detachment.  Did  not  all  the  guides  fay, 
that  route  was  vaftly  more  difficult  ai>d  dangerous  than 
any  bifidei^  all  the  way  even  to  Fort  Loudoun  P  Yefy 
liotwithftanding  all  thcfe  dangers  and  difficulties,  did 
I70t  the  colonel  cfFeaually  accomplifh  thefe  defigns,i 
ivith  that  detachment  only^  and  return  to  the  913  at 
Cowhih.  ^e^th  dajr,  abo^t  J^x  o^lQQfe  witl\put  t.b« 


i. 


\  lor$  of  a  man;  or  being  fo  much  as  fired  unon,  art3r 
,  fnarchirgin  all,backwards  and  forwards;  full  forty  mile?, 
cqu.I,  upon  account  of  its  difficulty,  ahnoft  to  douhip 
^  tJie  dil.ance,  of  any  route  the  army  had  already  pafTcd, 
or  were  to  pafs  in  their  march  back  ?    Does  not  ihw 
plainly  fhew,  hovv  h.ppily,  how  honourably,  and  how 
eafily,  all  our  difgraces,  niiferies,  and  heavy  taxe.', 
jnight  have  been  pu^  an  end  to  laft  year,  had  no  dci 
Jays  been  made  at  Kechowce,  or  had  only  one  marcfi 
more  been  ventured  upon  from  Etchowih  ?    The  co^ 
'Jonel,  in  1760,  in  one  lefpea,  - would  have  run  left 
.rifque  than  he  did  the  year  after,  as  the  grand  defiga 
was,  or  ouglrt  to  have  been  then,  the  rellel  of  fort 
<Loudoun  :  there  would  have  been  no  neceffity  for  feoa^ 
.rating  the  troops  to  deftroy  the  corn  fields, which  might 
iiave  been  omitted  'till'  their  return  :   ihev  mio-ht  have 
I puflied  forward  With  all  expedition,  in  ine  compaft 
.body,   till  they  had  firft  anfwered  that  m oft  material 
•purpofe.    Now  let  us  compare  the  two  aimiss  togc^ 
:^her.    In  1760,  the  colonel  had  full  1450  rank  an4 
.Jiic,  jncluding  ferjeants,  of  regulars,  rangers  and  nro- 
;vmciais  only,  that  mar.hed  from  Keehowee  ;  anj  had 
Jie  made  no  delays  there,  he  would  have  had  1  coo,  be- 
/ides  Indians.    Laft  year,  he  had  about  2400  /ank  and 
iile,  ^  includmg  guides,  waggoners   (now  packhorfci 
jnen>  Indians  and  negroes.    Were  not  800  out  of  the 
1200  picked  Royals  and  Highlanders  he  had  in  1760,' 
l-eturned  to  New- York  ?    In  the  room  of  tb^fe,  he. 
[Jiad  980  men,  including  fcrjcants,  of  tl>e  battai'oa 
,Corps  and  Burton's  regiment,  that  marched  from  Kee- 
^lowee.    Were  thofe  troops  he  had  before,  and  thef^-* 
jjnen  of  Burton's,  juJI  raifed,  fohaftily  collearcd  togc^ 
ther,  and  fo  ordinary  that  nothing  but  the  name  of 
regulars  could  recommend  them,  to  be  compared  to- 
&^}\^'  '  ^  The  colonel  will  hardly  fay  they  were,  not- 
withltaading  it  muft  be  allowed,  that  regiment  had  all 
the^idvantage  that  a  diligent  and  experienced  m^jor  could 
poffibly  give  it, who  did  honour  to  his  majcfty's  fervice, 
hy  his  indefatigable  application  to  his  duty  and  care  of 
thofe  troops  under  him  ;  yet  the  whole  800  picked  nitrft- 
^at  went  away,  taken  cdledivelyj  were  certainiy 

va% 


f  aftljr  more  than  preferable  to  the  q8o  that  the  colonel 
had  in  their  room.  The  battalion  corps  were  as  gcod 
troops  as  the  former,  but  there  were  but  few  of  them. 
The  380  Royal,  he  had  both  campaigns.  The  reft, were 
provincials.  Rangers,  waggon  rs,  guides,  Indians, 
and  40  negroes.  What  value  he  would  fct  on  the  firft 
four  of  thefe  (cfpecialJy  the  Rangers)  his  opinion  laft 
year  plainly  (hews  :  And  were  they  not  all  new-rai, 
icd  troops,  particularly  the  provincials  ?  'Tis  true,  he 
paffed  great  compliments  on  both,  and  they  defervcd 
them:  but  did  he  not  do  the  fame  at  firft,  in  1760? 
and  may  it  not  be  purely  owing  to  the  f^me  caufe* 
Succefs  ?  He  thought  mighty  matters  v^ere  done  at  the 
lower  fettlements  his  firlt  campaign,  and  therefore  to 
J)e  fure  it  was  pity  to  rob  t  he  Rangers  of  a  little  praifc. 
In  fliort,  he  was  then  < «  extremely  pUafed  with  thf 
tvholer  Butdidnothe/>;;«,/Jr^do  vaftly  more  wonderful 
things,  laft  fummer,  by  his  own  accounts  I  How  then 
could  we  expe^  any  other,  than  to  hear  "  the  whole  '» 
oraifed  again  ?  Had  it  been  otherwip^  we  fhould  foon 
have  been  told  the  old  fttry  of  the  provincials  **  aban^ 
doning  "  their  officers ;  the  Rangers  end  waggcners 
running  off  to  a  man  j  "  and  moft  of  the  guides  being 
«'  not  worth  a  jhillingr  As  to  the  Indians,  does  he  not 
fiy  himfelf,  in  his  letter  to  the  lieutenant-governor  da* 

^   ted  the  I5<;h  of  July  laft,      he  never  could  bear  an  In. 

m  dian^  before  he  waf  acquifinted  with  the  upper  Chickf. 
fsws  The  Catawbas  leaving  him  at  Kcehowec,  h 
1760,  'tis  certain  he  thought  of  no  moment.  Upon 
the  whole,  the  number  of  troops  employed  in  1760, 
ivere  amply  fufficient  to  have  gone  through  the  nation ; 
be  then  faid  as  much  himfelf :  atleaft  they  were  enough 
to  have  prevented  the  bufinefsof  the  laft  campaign; 
which  has  fully  confirmed  that  opinion,  the  fuperiority 
in  1761,  was  more  in  numbers  thaa  in  real  ftrength; 
cfpecially,  as  no  pofts  were  fixed,  and  the  additional 
quantity  of  provifions  carried  about  every  where  with 
the  army,  muft  have  greatly  weakened,  encumbered, 
and  retarded  the  line  of  march,  much  more  fo,  than 
the  additional  number  of  raw  and  grdiiiary  troops 
^uld  have  ftren^thcftcd  it. 


\ 


75 


t  47  3 

Let  us  begin  with  the  army's  arrival  at  Kechowee^ 
c  17th  of  May  la(V.    Did  not  the  colonel  then  find  ths' 
ittle  Carpenter  there,  and  give  him  a  UIJc  to  the  In- 
ians,  to  this  cfFe<a,  that  **  if  any  would  comt  in  as friends^ 
nd ft  ay  at  home  peaceably  and  quietly  as  friends^  they  Jheuli 
ot  be  moltfted  or  any  of  their  effects  meddled  with  **  f  Did 
ot  the  Little- Carpenter  fct  out  with  this  talk,  to  the 
reat- Warrior,  the  29th,  and  promife  to  return  ia 
welve  days  ?    Was  not  the  giving  or  ftnding  any 
alk,  at  that  time,  entirely  inconfiftcnt  with  the  go* 
ernor's  advice,  a^ed  for  by  the  colonel  ?    Was  thcr# 
ny  the  leaft  propriety  m  then  giving  a  talk  at  all,much 
cfs  in  fending  one,  efpec  ally  to  the  Great- Warrior, 
fter  his  mc  nftroas  and  notorious  murder  of  capt.  De- 
ere and  all  his  officers  but  one,  25  of  his  men,  and 
akmg  prifoners  of  the  reft,  when  he  had  granted  a 
apitulation  too  ?    Muft  not  the  Great- Warrior  think 
his  favoured  a  li  tie  of  laft  year'^  behaviour  at  Keeho- 
ee ;  of  which  what  the  Indians  then  thought  has  been 
mted  already.    Only  fuppofmg  all  theCherokees  had 
emained  peaceably  m  their  towns,  what  fatisfa£lioii 
ou!d  the  colonel  have  taken  of  them  1   He  would  not 
ot  have  broken  his  word  furely,  after  promifing  that 
heir  perfons  and  efF.^ls  feould  be  fecure  f  . 

He  marched  from  Keehowee  the  7th  of  June,  with 
full  thirty  ei^ht  days  provifion,  and  reached  Stickowih 
eld, town,  34  miles  from  thence,  on  the  9th  early  ia 
the  morning  the  day  the  Little-Carpenter's  12  days 
xpired  :  this  place  is  alfo  called  the  Dividings,  from 
the  path  to  the  Middle  and  Valley  fettlcments  parting 
"uft  there  5  and  would  have  been  an  allowed  good  place 
to  have  fixed  a  poji  at,  and  fecured  a  communication 
v/ith  Fort  Prince  George.  The  colonel  knew,  fromt 
the  guides,  that  he  muft  return  here,  before  he  could 
proceed  to  the  Valleys,  a  thing  then  expeSfed^  and  ge^ 
ntrally  and  puhlickly  talked  of  throughout  the  army: 
and  what  docs  the  colonel  fay  prevented  him,  when, 
at  his  return  to  Keehowee,  he  wrote  to  his  friends, 
that  he .  intended  even  then  to  go,  li  the  Great- War* 
rior  did  not  come  in ;  which  account  was  very  care-' 
^ullj  and  indujirlsufly  propagated  in  town ;  but,  not- 

withftAiidin^ 


^     r  48  J 

nding  thi?,  general  Amherft's  printed  letief^  in 
ondon  Gazette,  and  col.  Bjrcl's  to  our  licute- 
itiant  governor,  laid  before  the  aflembly  by  his  honoifr 
Krt^A^ct-t^^^  \^  September  lafty^hat  muft  have  both  Lecn  wrote  juft 


his  return  to  Fort  Prince- George,   plainly  fhew, 
he  had  no  intention  of  going  there  at  all-    Now  fup- 
pofe  only^  a  poft  hJid  been  fixed  here,  and  full  one 
half,  or  more,  of  the  t)ackhorre  loads  of  provifions 
had  been  left,  under  the  care  of  100  men  with  a  few 
tiflcs  :    That  day,  With  the  number  of  men  he  had, 
rropcrly  difpofed  (which  to  be  lure  the  colonel,  who 
nad  feen  fo  much  fervice,  could  not  be  at  any  lofs  a- 
bout)  would  haVc  been  full  fufnclcnt  to  have  com- 
pleted this  ncceflary  riiatttr,  and  made  it  impregnable 
to  the  Cherokecs  :    However,  let  us  allow  two  days 
inorc  to  do  that  bufinefs,  and  march  to  his  camp  near 
Eftatovvih  old  town,  only     miles  farther  ;   this  would 
have  cafcd  and  fecurcd  the  line  of  march,  vaftly  more 
than  the  want  of  thefe  100  men  would  have  weakened 
it ;  and  befides,  the  colonel  would  have  had  many 
/pare  horfcs,  for  the  Tick,  wounded,  aind  other  pur- 
pofes.    The  ilth,  the  colonel  would  have  march- 
ed from  hence,  and  the  a£lion  have  happened  t'fuppo- 
£ng  the  Indians  had  waited  for  him)  at  the  fame 
place,  and  at  night  he  would  have  reached  Etchowili 
53  before.    The  day  after  the  a<!lion  fnow  the  13th) 
fuppofe  the  troops  had  reached  Noucafih,  wheie  the^e 
was  a  warm  town-houfe  that  the  Tick  and  wounded 
might  have  been  placed  in,  the  bulk  of  the  remaining 
provifions  might  have  been  left  here  too  ;  they  would 
have  been  fecured  from  an  attack  from  the  Indians,  as 
tf^e  land  all  rcund  was  cleared  at  a  fu£:cient  difiancet 
but  fuppofing  the  co?onel  had  liked  the  fituation  of 
Cowhrh,  as  it   had  been  defcribed  to  him,  better, 
V*5  not  much  matter;   this  place  was  only  three 
jniles  farther,  and  that  whole  day's  march,  fuppofing 
ie  had  gone  there,  would  not  have  been,  at  moft, 
above  fix  miles,  only  one  fifth  part  fo  far  as  the  march 
the  year  before,  upon  his  return  to  Kcehowee,  when 
there  were  fewer  carriers,  abundantly  more  wounded, 
aftd  they  too,  by  defcriptiona  in  a  far  worfe  condition, 

thotigit 


L 


r  49  . 

thoHg^,  by  the  bye,  more  of  the  wounded  died  thii 
cifnpaign,  before  the  army  retained  to  Kethowee, 
thaii  the  year  before  'till  they  reimbarkcd.  Suppofing 
thin  the  colonel  had  puftied  to  CoWhih  the  day  after 
the  action,  letting  alone  th*;  inter]  icerit  towns  'till  his 
return,  fome  df  them  might  have  been  ufe^ul  in  his 
march  back.  This  day,  the  13th,  fuppofe  art  ex^f  had 
been  fent  off  to  Ninety-Six,  as  before  to  capr.  RufTcl, 
for  a  frefb  fupply  of  prbvifions  to  be  fent  to  Keehowee, 
to  wait  the  colonel's  orders:    And,  at  Cowhih  let  us 
halt  the  next  day,  the  14th  ;  when  parties  might  havei 
been  fent  out  to  deftrby  the  Indian  houfes,  or  rather 
huts,  at  Eyofee,  only  two  mileS  diftant  from  his  camp, 
and  the  corn  fields  thereabouts  and  atout  Cowhih,  ia 
9II  about  40  houfes  and  2OO  acres  of  corn  ;  this  would 
have  been  cafy  work  for  that  da}',  and  difcovered  whe- 
ther the  Indians  were  iriclinable  fof  another  brulh.  The 
next  day,  the  15th,  fuppofing  parties  were  fent  to 
deftroy  the  other  to\frns  thereabouts,  or»  that  the  co- 
k)nel  proceeded  to  Stickowih  branch ;  'tis  fiot  fo  very 
material  which  wa"s  done  firft  ;  it  will  make  no  altera- 
tion in  time  ;  however,  as  the  enttrprizs  to  Stickowih 
branch  feem's  rather  to  claim  the  preference,  becaufe> 
from  yefterday's  proceedings,  the  Indians  might  have 
been  induced  to  think  , thd  army  would  go  to  work  at  the 
other  towns  to  day  :   let  us  then  fuppofe,  the  coloie! 
moved  off  as  before,  to  Stickowih,  with  his  1448  rank 
and  file,  irc/uding  Indians,   negroes  and  guides,  the 
15th  ;    and  left  813  rank  aftd  file,  inftead  of  the  913, 
to  guard  the  fick,  proVifions,  &c.   thert  allowing  hini 
his  oioa  time^  he  would  have  deftrdyed  the  five  towns 
thereabouts,   visi.    Stickowih,  Kittoweh,  Tuckaree-' 
tchih,  Tafantih,  and  Ellfjoy,  and  returned  to  CowhiH 
the  1 8th  before  noon,  and  thefe  troops  had  the  re- 
mainder of  the  day  to  reft.  The  next  day,  and  for  two 
days  afterwrds,  fuppofe  700  of  the  detachniefit  that  had 
halted  at  Cowhih,  had  been  fent,  with  30D  others,  to 
deftroy  the  X20  houfes  and  180  acres  of  corn  at  Ufa - 
nah,  Cowhihtchih,  and  Burning- Town,  the  fartheft 
cf  them  only  feven  miles  diftant  from  Cowhih,  march- 
ing from  town  to  town  3   this  work  would  have  beeH 

G  35 


fts  fafe  as  eafy  ;  for,  after  the  affair  at  Eyorcc,  that  at 
Stickowih  branch,  and  that  of  capt.  Peter  Gordon  the 
year  before,  the  colonel  muft  have  been  convinced,  no 
Dody  of  Indians  would  dare  to  interrupt  fo  large  a  de- 
tachment. The  21  ft,  at  night,  let  us  fuppofe  thefe 
troops  return  to  the  colonel  at  Cowhih*  The  next 
day,  the  22d,  halt  at  Cowhih,  and  deftroy  thofe  hou- 
fes.  The  23d,  the  whole  army  march  b^ick  to  NoU- 
cafih,  only  3  miles :  a  fufficient  detachment  of  light 
troops  might  have  been  fent  before,  to  deftroy  the  160 
houfes  and  420  acres  of  corn  at  that  place,  and  at 
Taflih,  Whatogab,  Canugah,  and  Noihowih,  in  the 
way  thither.  And  the  next  day,  the  24th,  fuppofd 
the  army  halt  at  Noucafih,  and  complete  yeftei day's 
work  if  necefDiry.  Now  the  Middle  Settlements  alfo, 
on  this  fide  Stickowih  branch,  are  completely  deftroyed  | 
the  colonel  has  been  allowed  fufficient  time  too,  fe- 
ven  days,  to  march  backwards  and  forwards  from  town 
to  town,  not  30  miles,  befides  the  day  the  army  is  fup- 
pofed  to  do  nothing  elfe  but  march  from  Etchowih  toi 
Cowhih,  only  6  miles,  which  are  included  in  the  30, 
to  deftroy  in  all  39O  houfes  and  800  acres  of  corn,  and 
of  thefe  houfes  an^i  100  acres  of  the  corn  clofe  to  hi» 
camp  too  at  Cowhih  j  was  it  not  abundantly  more  la-» 
borious  and  difficult,  befides  4^ngerous,  to  marrhi 
backwards  and  forwards  full  40  miles,  with  only  hi8> 
1448  rank  and  file,  to  deftroy  the  190  houfes  and  530 
acres  of  corn  on  Stickowih  branch,  ^nd  at  Ellijoy  in 
his  way  back  to  Cowhih  ?  which  he  did  in  lefs  than  half 
the  time.  But  fuppoftng  the  detachment  left  at  Cow- 
bih  had  been  ordered,  might  it  not,  in  the  time  it  had, 
bave  completed  a  poft,  fufficient^  with'ico  tired  men, 
to  have  fecured  all  the  wounded,  and  what  provifion^ 
were  left,  only  for  a  few  days  ?  This  poft  need  not 
to  have  been  very  ftrong  5  a  few  fcouts  might  have  been 
ordered  to  watch  it ;  the  army  too  would  have  been? 
all  round  it  j  and  then  the  whole  body,  when  both 
divifions  joined  again,  might  have  been  employed  iit 
deftroying  thofe  middle  towns,  &c.  by  detachments, 
which  would  have  faved  fcveral  days.  However,  ai  one 
would  be  determined    differ  froia  the  colonel  at  Ji.ttJe 


r   5r  J 

oiTible,  all  poffible  contrivance  has  hcen  made  ufe  of, 
o  go  the  moft  round-about  way  to  work  that  could  be 
bought  of,  and  I  believe  it  would  puzzle  any  ingc- 
luity  but  the  colonel's  to  fpin  out  the  time  one  day 
onger ;  befidcs  all  this,  the  colonel  had  the  whole 
ummer  before  him  j  fuppofing  he  had  firft  of  all  laid 
n  a  fufficient  ftock  of  provifions  at  the  Dividings,  her 
light  have  taken  his  own  time  and  way  too,  and  com- 
Icted  every  thing  we  wiflied  for,  long  before  the  i6th 
f  Oaober,  when,  and  not  before,  he  left  Keehowee 
o  march  downwards.  The  25*  h  of  June,  let  us  march 
from  Noucafih  to  the  Dividings,  only  22  miks  :  when 
the  colonel  was  laft  at  Etchowih,  only  3  miles  within 
cucafih,  he  could  go  with  all  his  wounded,  loaded 
pack-horfes,  and  litters,  from  thence  to  his  c?mp  near 
War- Woman's  creek,  full  ^^/V/;r  miles  :  this  ftiews  he 
can  make  no  difficulty  here,  unlefs  he  is  fo  very  unfor- 
tunate as  never  to  be  able  to  make  one  fmgle  good 
march,  upon  the  fame  ground  too,  but  when  'lis  a 
"^olen  one. 

Now  we  are  at  the  Dividings,  let  us  halt  the  next 
day,  the  26th.  On  the  27th,  fuppofe  500  men  had 
been  difpatched  to  Fort  Princ^- George,  without  or 
with  all  the  fick  and  wounded,  with  the  pack-horfes, 
to  bring  back  the  frefti  fupply  of  provifions  that  was 
ordered  from  Cowhih  the  13th  (to  be  fure  it  would 
have  been  hurrying  matters  too  much,  to  have  left  or 
fent  fuch  orders  before)  y  and  the  fame  day,  fuppofe 
1200  light  troops,  free  from  any  incumbrance,  only 
fix  or  eight  days  provifion  each,  had  been  difpatched 
to  the  \2\\^yz,  might  not  thefe  m^n  have  done  that 
work  too  with  eafc,  and  returned  back  again  to  the 
Dividings  in  that  time  ;  the  whole  march,  backwards 
and  forwards,  not  exceeding  lOO  miles  at  fartheft  ;  as 
good  a  route  too  as  any  the  troops  had  gone  yet  j  and 
the  feven  Valley  towns  lay  all  in  one  open  vailev,from 
the  firft  to  the  laft  not  exceeding  12  miles.  Thefe  8," 
days  would  have  brought  the  4th  of  July,  when  at 
leaft  10  days  provifion  would  have  been  left  for  the 
colonel's  detachment  at  the  Dividings  ;  indeed  there 
would  have  been  more,  becaufe  the*  500  with  th^ 


r  52  ] 

^Rck,  &c.  that  went  away  8  days  before,  need  not  to 
have  carried  above  three  days  provifion  with  them  at 
poft,  fo  their  allowance  would  have  been  faved  for 
the  remaining  five  days,  and  in  fa£l:  *  till  they  return  ed» 
If  the  colonel  thinks  I  march  too  faft,  I  would  only 
beg  leave  to  remind  him  of  the  affair  m  1760  that  tock 
its  rife  from  Twelve- mile  cret^k.  He  told  up  thrn, 
that  **  after  marching  84  miles  from  Ninety -Six  in  thre,e 
daysy  without  a  halting  day^  *'  notwithltandir.g  they 
had  drawfi  the  carriages  up  the  fteep  and  rocky  backs 
at  Twelve-Mile  creek,  by  tie  force  of  nun  ;  tlie 
horfes  could  not  do  it;,  keing  fatigued  and  zvorn  out ;  '* 
and  the  men  were  a  little  fatigued  with  a  march  of  20 
miles  that  morning^  front  Beaver- Dams  to  tht  river  ;  " 
yet  thofe  troops  could  ftill  proceed  from  thence  th^ 
fame  night,  and  never  }?alt  'till  they  had  effectually 
deftroyed  the  Lower- Towns,  much  more  fc attired  than 
the  MiddU ;  which  they  did  after  a  march  of  60  milei 
by  4  o'clock  the  next  evening,  without  fleeping. 
Here  are  124  miles  marched  in  five  fucceeding  d<sys 
(fhouid  be  fix  from  28th  of  May  tp  i<\  of  June)  with- 
out a  halt,  and  three  of  them  encumbered  with  waggons, 
that  is,  20  or  25  miles  a  day  for  5  or  6  days  togethcrl 
Now  is  there  any  more  than  one  finglc  day's  march, 
according  to  the  foregoing  fcheme,  fo  long  ?  ihe  only 
long  cne  propofed  is  22  miles  ;  the  reft  are  very  eafy 
indeed.  In  the  march  to  the  Valleys,  eight  day^ 
are  allowed  to  light  troops,  free  the  whole  time  from 
all  incumbrances  but  their  trovifion,  to  march  only 
an  hundred  miles  at  fartheft,  riot  thirteen  miles  a 
day.  Is  there  any  copiparifon  between  the  marches! 
in  1760  and  laft  fummcr  ?  In  thofe,  124  miles  are 
marched  in  five  or  fix  days,  many  towns  deftroyed^ 
and  much  other  fatiguing  bufinefs  done  :  in  thefe,  only 
17^ miles,  backwards  and  forwards,  in  33  days,  even 
including  the  feparate  marches  of  detachments  (fee  the 
Icheme  at  the  end)  about  5  miles  a  day  :  And  if  the 
colonel  had  gone  to  the  Valleys,  as  was  expected,  that 
would  have  been  but  ico  miles  more,  about  8  miles 
per  day  on  an  average,  only  a  third  part  of  the  mar- 
gbes  in  the  firff  campaign. 


( 


r  S3  ] 

It  may  not  be  amlfs  to  obfcrve  here,  by  the  bye, 
;hat  »^en  Lcres  of  Indian  corn  are  much  fooncr  and  ea- 
iicr  puUcd  up,  and  cfFcdually  deftroved,  than  one  of 
jwvheJt  o*-  anv  Briufli  grain  ;  as,  'tis  fuppofed,  there  are 

;eaft  jcpo  ^alks  or  whear  for  one  of  Indiar^  corn  in 
nn  ac  e  of  ground,  and  a  ftalk  of  this  may  be  pulled 

w  th  vtrv  iitile  trpuble  or  ftonplng. 

7  he  colon.el,  if  he  had  planned  his  matters  well, 
piyhi  h.vc  met  the  50P  at  the  Dividings,  on  his  re* 
turn  from  the  Valleys  ;  ir  not,  an  exprds  fent  ofFim- 
jiieui  tely,  would,  in  a  day  or  two  at  mod,  hive  in- 
formed him,  whether  they  might  be  expected  in  time, 
Jf  a  dtfarpoin'ment.  had  happe:'ed,  he  could  have  re- 
turned to  Keehowee -immjidiitelv  ;  ir  not,  another  5C0 
ii  nv'Ctfl^  y,  might  have  been  fent  to  e  'cort  the  provi- 
fvjns,  &c.  to  him.  Now,  had  this  ftep  been  taken, 
ti  e  colo  nel,  two  days  after  he  had  received  a  freft^ 
fup  t;f  pjovifions,  might  have  proceeded  to  Fort 
L'mcloun,  to  lake  amole  fatisfadtion  of  thofe  principal 
^iggrtffj.s,  the  Great-  Warrior  and  the  reft  oi  the  mur- 
ccreis  there- bouts,  *nd  convinced  thofe  fiivages,  that 
W(?  had  fpirit  anc'  pov/pr  enough  efFccStuaily  to  humble 
their  infolence  j  and  then,  very  probably,  this  would 
have  had  fom^  efFc£l:  on  the  Creeks  too,  and  made 
them  glad  to  giye  us  fati?faction.  As  little  dependance 
was  to  be  placed  on  the  Virginia  forces  laftyearas  the 
year  before  ;  but  if  the  coloapl  did  really  expecl  (which 
is  hardly  poiTible)  that  col,  Byrd  would  be  near  the  up- 
per towns  about  thjs  time,  would  not  his  marching 
bave  greatly  facilitated  his  enterprize,  and  confounded 
thofe  Indians.  However,  if  thp  fchemc  to  Fort  Lou-.- 
doun,  which  I  believe  was  juft  as  much  intended  a$ 
that  to  theValleys  (though  this  was  expeded,  the  othsr 
not)  had  not  been  undertaken,  has  there  not  been  at 
leaft  enough  faic',  to  fhew,  the  colonel  had  full  fuffi- 
cient  time,  and  to  fparc,  to  have  gone  to  the  Valleys 
and  done  the  neceffary  bufinefs  there  ;  which  had  he 
done,  there  would  not  have  been  cccafion  for  above  a 
week  or  ten  days  halt  at  his  return  to  Keehowee,  at 
ilioft ;  indeed,  what  purpofe  could  a  longer  halt  have 
anfweied  ?  as  this  woul^i  ^*ve  morp  than  coiupleted 

-  "HIS 


2 


t  54  1 

HIS  work.  "  Is  it  ufual  to  fend  repeated  me/Tages  to 
enemies  that  wc  have  fo  terribly  mauledy  to  coax  them 
to  come  to  a  treaty  ?  Would  they  not  have  come  faft 
enough  of  themfclvcs,  at  leaft  with  the  firji  invitation  ? 
Muft  it  not  be  cxpeded,  if  the  Indians  were  over  pre- 
vailed upon  to  fend  any  deputies,  that  they  would  fend 
fuch  as  they  did  ?  a  few  fccond-rate  fellows  to  cajole 
us,  that  had  ho  intereft  at  all ;  with  the  Little- Carpen- 
ter, who  had  loft  all  his,  and  was  befides  always  known 
to  be  our  friend,  at  leaft  in  appearance  :  And  indeed 
how  could  he  Jhew  himfelf  mere  fo,  than  by  fo  kindly 
mediating,  and  endeavouring  to  pacify  xht  Great- War- 
jior,  the  Standing- Turkey,  and  Judd's- Friend  ?  How 
condefcending,  to  ftand  proxy  for  all  thefe  three  head- 
warriors  of  the  nation,  when  the  colonel  had  declared  / 
he  would  treat  with  no  others  ?  When  this  tripp!e 
proxy  was  afked,  "  are  you  come  to  fue  for  peace  ?  " 
how  could  he  but  take  the  hint,  and  anfwer  Yes  \ 
When  this  limited  plenipotentiary  obje£led  to  the  rea- 
fonable  and  known,  fatisfa^tion  wanted,  only  four  of 
the  principal  murderers  to  be  delivered  up,  and  faid, 

^/  muji  return  to  the  nation  and  covfult  his  people ^  as 
he  could  not  agree  to  it  himfelf  \  '*  was  not  the  celoncl 
as  good-natured  to  fave  him  the  trouble,  by  telling 
him,  that  if  the  governor  would  pafs  over  that  matter 
he  Jhould  have  no  obje^ion  "  F  This  could  not  be  in- 
tended, to  be  fure,  to  give  him  the  leaft  expeftation, 
that  that  principal  article,  the  fole  obje£l  of  the  war^ 
would  be  remitted  f  However,  was  not  this  fubtle  In- 
dian politician  as  ready  here  to  take  the  hint  again, and 
viiit  Charles- Town  to  try,  notwithftanding  he  had 
not  a  jot  more  power  to  confent  to  that  matter  here, 
if  not  given  up,  than  when  wich  the  colonel  ?  He 
could  not  but  fee,  what  weight  the  colonel's  dex  rous 
condudl  and  powerful  abilities  muft  certainly  have,  to 
oblige  us  to  concur.  Now,  fuppoftng  the  colonel  had' 
not  ftaid  at  all  at  Keehowee,  when  his  work  lOas: 
tompleated  already,  "  if  the  Valleys  had  been  part  of  it,* 
inight  not  the  Indians  have  fued  for  peace,  or  let  it' 
alone,  juft  as  they  pleafed  ?  (Or,  was  he  fure,  that 
tVE  could  not  poflibly  perform  Qur  part  in  treating^ 

fa 


'V 


\ 


[  56  ] 

out  fending  to  the  Indians  at  all,  have  fliewn  we  defpifcd 
tncniat  leaft,  and  bid  them  defiance?  efpccially,  if  the 
colonel  had  but  done  his  utmost  to  ddhoy  zs  many 
as  he  could  the  day  of  3(Slion,  ,thc  only  thing  that  can 
haveanylaftmgcfFea  upon  them,  as  the  affcmbly,  the 
beft  judges  of  the  temper  of  the  Cherokecs,  plainly  de- 
clare, in  their  advice  to  his  honour  the  Jicutenant-go* 
Vernor  in  September  laft,  when  the  Little  Carpenter  firft 
came  down  to  treat :  which  meflage  is  fo  much  to  my 
purpofe,  hot  only  in  this,  but  fo  many  ether  things  I 
have  advanced  relative  to  this  campaign,  that  I  murf 
beg  leave  to  quote  the  grcattft  part  of  it  here.  «  fP^e 
are  very  firry  to  find  cur/ehes  obliged ^  Ly  the  necefiltiet 


fidered  as  ti)e  grand  article^  that  mufi  be  infiftid  on  to  /a- 
tUfy  our  honour^  and Jhstv  to  ike  ivorld  an  evident  acknow- 
ledgment of  our  fiuperiority^in  armsy  and  at  the  fiarne  time 
to  revenge  the  blood  cf  our  fellow  fubjeSis  the  late  unhappy 
garrifin  of  Fort  Loudoun.  We  fiaiier  ourf elves  we  do  not 
err^  when  %ve  think  that  no  province  in  America  can  have 
exerted  themfilves  more  vigor oufiy  than  zve  have  done  this 
year  ^  and  with  the  ajjijlance  his  majefiy  has  been  gra- 
cicufiy  plea  fid  to  afford  usy  zve  had  the  great  ffi  reafion  i» 
hope^  a  filid  and  iajling  peace  zuould  have  been  the  kafpy 
^cynclufon  of  the  campaign  ;  efipecially^  as  the  commanding 
officer  had  dcclaredy  "  that  he  would  not  agree  to  any 
terms  till  he  was  in  the  center  of  the  Cherokee  nation, 
and  that  no  preliminaries  fliould  ever  be  figned  by  him 
but  in  one  ot  their  town-houfes."  Had  this  been  done 
hy  a  fipeedy,  andy  we  may  fiay,  generally  expeSfed^  march^ 
io  the  Valley y  fince  the  army's  return  to  Keehowee^  we 
f'atter  curjelves  we  fijould  not  be  reduced  to  this  difagree- 
able  necefii-y,  cfi  advifing  your  Honour  to  accept  a  peace j 
vpon  terms  fo  precarious^  and  lefs  honourable  than  we  had 
reafon  to  expeSi  i.  but  notwithftanding  thefe  expeSfationsy 
tve  have  foundation  to  ihink^  by  col.  Byrd's  letter  to  your 
honour^  dated  only  fieventeen  days  after  crA.  Grant's  re- 
turn  to  Keehowee.  that  a  peace  was  determined  upon  ;  for 
csl.  P>yr4fiysy  "  my  orders  were,  to  co  operate  withy 
and  aififtj  col.  Gfant.    That  gentleman  writes  mc,  he 


v. 


.      t  if  1  _  _ 

hill  tothpicted  his  work  already ;  (6  thii'  Could  t  prA^ 
teed,  I  (hould  not  anfwer  that  end.'*—ff^e  dread  iki 
unhappy  confequences  that  my  attend  col.  Grant's  depend- 
ing 100  much  on  the  imp^rtarice  of  deftr eying  the  MiddU 
Towns  ;  a  thing  he  madt  light  of  laft  yedr^  for  ik  the  letter 
your  Honour  then  laid  before  this  ho  ft^  dat  d  '^d  July^ 
1760,  Air/i)fj,**Deftroying  an  Indian  town  m  ly  bee  edit- 
able J  but,  in  fad,  'tis  a  tnatter  of  no  great  con fcquencc^ 
ivhen  the  favages  hive  time  to  carry  off  their  effedls." 
Again  \  "We  might  have  gon^  to  any  town  in  their 
ii  ition  ;  but  we  (hbuld  have  had  a  brufti  to  get  at  it^ 
ar»tt  then  we  (hould  have  found  it,  or  indeed  rather  thent 
^l\y  ;ih2itidoncdj'' which  ihds  the  tafe  this  year,  ff^econ" 
uive  that  thi  oft hY  -tHiK G  in  a  Cherokee ribdry  that  wilt^AJi4A<^ 
bny  effeSl  to  bring  thofe  favages  to  a  firm  and  ^afting  peact^ 
isy  to  deftrOy  as  many  of  their  people  as  we  can^  and  when, 
an  opportunity  offers  fo  to  db^  to  mifs  it  by  no  means^ 
ivhichy  we  fear,  has  been  tod  much  the  cafe  in  the  late  ex- 
pedition and  dtftnfivea^ien  :  and  we  are  not  without  our 
apprehenftonSy  that  your  Honour's  information^  that  <  *  thcif 
young  men  entertain  ho  very  refpe^table  opinion  or  . 
dread  of  the  Englifh  manner  of  fighting  Indians,  tho* 
bur  numbers  are  formidable,"  may  be  too  well  ground^ 
ad.    From  ihefe  reafons  5  as  the  provina  is  already  greatlf 
loaded  with  taxes  i  and  as  we  have  little  profped  of  the 
war  being  carried  on  in  a  different^  and  what  we  conceive 
more  effeSfual,  manner ^  than  hitherto  hai  been  done  5  or 
that  the  colonel  of  the  provincial  re giment^  though  of  great 
influence y  merits  and  abilities y  and  well  acquainted  with 
the  intereji  of  the  provihccy  and  the  proper  manner  of 
treating  the  CherokeeSy  will  ever  he  confulted:  we  are 
Heduced  to  the  necessity  fl/* adviftng your  Honout 
to  agree  to  a  peaccy  he.  &c." 

In  confcquence  of  the  above  advice,  the  feprcfcnta- 
tives  of  the  province  **  were  reduced  to  the  neceffity  of 
givingy  "  for  the  reafons  therein  mentioned,  his  ho- 
nour and  the  Little-Carpenter  agreed  upon  the  twelve 
articles  which  were  figned  by  both  the  23d  of  Septem- 
ber laft,  and  then  publifhed  in  the  gazettes.  The  firfti 
and  part  of  the  laft,  is  all  I  will  beg  leave  to  mention 
here. 

H  Article 


[  S8  ] 

Article  I  ft.  M  the  EngUJh  prifonersy  negroes^  hr^ 
fa  and  cattle  in  their  pojpjjion  to  be  delivered  up  IMME- 
DiATtLY  to  col.  Grant.  "  Part  of  the  laft  article, 
*  '  That  Jome  of  the  headmen  from  the  Upper ^  the  Valley^ 
the  Middle  and  Lower  Settlements^  Jhall  come  down  to 
Charles-Towny  to  confirm  theJeJiipulationSy  ^\  &c.  What 
ivas  the  principal  reafon  that  thcfe  articles  of  peace 
were  not  confirmed  and  ratified  at  this  time  ?  Was  it 
not,  that  the  Indians  had  not  brought  down  our  people 
that  were  prifoners  amongfl  them  ?  If  there  was  any 
other  reafon,  was  it  not,  that  the  quality  of  the  eight 
pretended  headmen  the  Little- Carpenter  had  then  with 
him,  was  not  thought  fufficient  even  to  glofs  over 
fuch  a  proceduce,  however  our  great  neceflities  might 
then  prefs  us  to  catch  at  the  delufion  ? 

When  thefe  articles  were  figned,  the  Little- Carpen- 
ter returned  to  his  nation,  and  vifited  us  again  in  De- 
cember, finally  to  ratify  and  confirm  them,  with  about 
70  men,  women  and  children,  of  which  only  eight, 
by  his  well  known  talk  of  the  i6th  of  November  given 
to  capt.  Mackintofh  in  coming  down,  were  dubbed 
headmen  j  of  thefe,  perhaps  one  or  two  at  moft,  might 
have  fome  little  influence,  in  his  or  their  own  particu- 
lar town,  but  not  one  of  any  general  weight  in  their 
fettlements,  much  lefs  throughout  the  nation,  not 
even  the  Little-Carpenter  himfelf,  as  the  Fort  Loudoun 
sfl^^ir  glaringly  demonftrated  ;  for,  what  weight  had  he 
then,  even  in  the  upper  towns  alone  ?  Did  not  the 
Great  Warrior  and  Standing-Turkey  fign  the  garri- 
Ibn's  capitulation ;  and  was  it  not  foon  after  fatally 
convinced  of  their  weight  and  treachery?  What 
could  the  Little  Carpenter  then  do  ?  Why,  he  faved 
one  gentleman's  life.  How  ?  Did  he  not  give  all  he  had 
for  him,  even  his  rifle  ?  'Tis  true,  with  his  great  inte- 
reft  among  the  Indian  wenches^  he  now  and  then  procured 
the  garrifon  fome  fmall  pittance  of  provifions ;  but  did 
not  the  other  warriors  threaten  to  kill  thefe  wenches,  if 
they  could  find  them  out  ?  Need  any  thing  more  be 
faid,  to  prove  he  had  loft  all  his  intereft  even  among 
his  own  people  ?  The  Great- Warrior,  Standing-Tur- 
key, ajid  Judd's'Friend,  th?  three  KNOWN  leading 
L  men 


[  59  ] 

0ien  of 'the  Cherokee  nation,  thought,  to  come  down 
weufd  (hew  a  condercention  beneath  them  ;  and  when 
thefc  brevctted  occafional  headmen  came,  were  they 
jiot  again  without  our  prif oners  ?  (horfes  and  cattle,  to 
be  fure,  arc  not  worth  notice.)  Notwitfeftanding  this, 
we  ftill  finally  confirmed  and  ratified  the  peace  the 
i8th  of  December :  and  why  could  we  not  have  done 
it  as  well  in  September,  and  faved  our  500  pounds,  not 
tribute,  to  be  fure,  the  Indians  won't  take  it  in  that  light, 
but  charity-mopey,  befides  other  expences  ?  Indeed 
the  dread  of  ill  ufage  to  our  unhappy  fellow  fubje& 
amongft  them,  was  the  principal  motive  in  the  ailem* 
bly,  for  giving  that  fum  ;  next  to  the  colonel's  ma- 
nagement having  fo  ufclefsly  exhaufted  our  funds,  and 
difgufted  our  people  in  general,  that  it  would  be  next 
to  impoffible  for  the  province  to  raifc  any  refpe<aable 
body  of  men,  even  to  oppofe  them  fhould  they  break 
out  again,  and  much  more  has  he  put  it  out  of  our 
power  toraife  troops  for  other  purpofes  :  Befides,  as  the 
peace  WAS  FINALLY  RATIFIED,  theaffembly, 
tliough  they  did  not  approve  of  its  being  fo  without  our 
prifoners  being  FIRST  delivered  up,  yet,  that  they 
might  throw  no  impediment  in  the  way  of  fo  defirablc 
an  event,  were  induced  to  vote  this  fum.  But  I 
would  a(k  here,  if  there  was  a  pin  to  chufe,  between 
the  eight  a^ing  headmen  the  Little- Carpenter  had  with 
him  in  September,  and  thof<^hat  attended  him  in  De- 
cember ?  Why  did  they  not  the  laft  time  bring  our 
prifoners  ?  They  told  us  truly  they  were  ftill  a  hunt- 
ing ;  and  fo  they  have  been  ever  fince,  to  this  day, 
poor  fellows  !  Inftead  of  getting  any  fkins  by  their 
long  hunt,  I  wifh  they  may  be  able  to  fave  their  own. 
—Surely  capt.  Watts  muft  have  been  right,  when  he 
faid,  in  the  council  chamber,  at.  the  time  the  peace 
was  ratifying,  that  the  Little- Carpenter,  "  demanded 
prefents^  by  way  of  ranfom^  for  the  prifoners  not  yet  de^ 
liver ed,  "  I  wifli  no  miftaJce  has  happened,  as  it  is 
believed  we  ihall  find  that  to  be  the  cafe,  diredtly  or 
indireftly,  at  laft,  if  we  have  them  at  all,  which  is 
much  doubted  by  many — What  the  reprcfentatives  of 
the  province,  at  this  time  Uiought  of  this  peace,  and 


3  / 


[  6a  ] 

the  mctliocis  taken  to  bring  it  about,  ctnnot .  be  laid 
before  the  reader  in  a  clearer  and  better  manner,  thaj| 
by  fome  of  the  tranfa^lions  that  palfed  in  afTembly  at 
this  time,  relative  to  a  certain  curious  talk  of  the 
Little- Carpenter's,  delivered  to  capt.  Mackintofh  at 
Fort  Prince- George,  the  ;5th  of  November,  copy  of 
which  I  (hall  fubjoin,  as  it  came  to  my  hands  the  other 
<iay  from  a  geiitleman,  who'  had  it  from  one  of 
ivarriar^  that  w^s  prefint  when  the  Little-Carpenter 
gave  it^  and  then  took  it  dpwn  AS  he  fpoke  it,  witk 
£apt^  Alq^ktntojh' s  anfwers  This  tal|j:  the  tjiien  afTem- 
bly could  not  be  favoured  with  a  fight  of^  though  re- 
peatedly defircd,  ii|  order  to  judge  properly  of  the  tem- 
per of  the  Indians,  aiid  advife  his  honour  the  lieutenant 
governor  accordingly,  upqn  that  moft  eflential  matter 
3ie  final  ratification  of  the  peaces  for  which,  an4 
pther  reafons,  that  vigilant  afTembly,  with  great  pru^ 
^ence,  fpirit  and  judgment,  took  care  not  to  flip  thcf 
only  critical  moment  they  had,  jufl  before  their  dif- 
folution,  that  happened  almofl  immediately  after  his 
prefent  Excellency's  arrival,  to  make  him  acquainted, 
3S  well  as  they  could,  in  fo  ftiort  a  time,  with  thei| 
opinion  Qii  t)|at  fp  x^oinentp^s  9,  concern  to  the  prq-^ 
vince. 

Here  fqlloWj  ia  their  order,  all  the  mefTages,  and 
parts  of  mefTages,  relative  to  that  talk,  together  with| 
a  letter  from  capt.  Mackintolh,  and  part  of  a  me(rage 
regarding  the  Rangers,  and  the  talk  itfelf ;  on  all 
which  I  fhall  leave  the  judicious  reader  to  make  hif 
own  obfervations,  and  beg  leave  to  refer  him  to  my 
Jafl  for  fome  of  mine,  if  they  4re  tbpught  wortk  hii| 
attention* 

«  Mr,fpealer  and  gentUmin, 
%  ✓colonel  Grant  having  fent  me  a  cppy  of  the  tali^ 
f         delivered  oii  the  i6th  of  November  laf^  at  Fort 

<  Prince  George,  by  the  Little  Carpenter,  to  be  tranf- 

<  mitted  fo  him  and  me,  I  fend  the  fame  for  your  pc- 
f  rufal.  I  alfo  fend  you  the  copy  of  a  talk  from  Tif- 
f  towih  and  the  Wolf,  to  capt.  ^ik^mXo^  at  Fort 

«  Princq 


sr 


I 


f   6r  ] 

PrinGC-Gcorgc,  upon  their  refeftling  the  Lowev 
Towns,  that  you  may  have  the  moft  authentic  in- 
?  formation  I  have  received  relative  to  thefe  matters.-^ 
f  I  think  it  proper  to  obferve  to  yoq,  that  coK  Grant 
«  acquaints  me,  that  he  will  give  the  Little- Carpenter 

*  a  pretiy  fevere  talk,  for  hinting y  that  the  people  in 
«  whofe  hands  the  Englifti  prifoners  are,  txpeif  to  re- 
«  ceive  prefenU  for  them,  though  he  (the  Little-Car- 

f  penter)  owns  he  thinks  it  unreafonable  When  thefe 

«  Indians  arrive  in  town,  WE  fhall  be  better  able  to 
^  j  idge  what  is  neceflary  to  be  done  for  the  fervice  of 

#  this  province  concerning  Cherokee  afFairs. 

^ -^dDeci-j^u  William  Bull.  '. 


*  May  it  fhafe  yttur  honour^ 
^  \TI7'E  obferve,  by  the  Little -Carpenter's  talk  dc- 
f    VV    livered  the  i6th  of  lafl  month,  that  he  had 
^  given  another  the  preceding  day.    We  defire  your 
I  honour  will  be  pleafed  to  procure  us  a  copy  of  that 

*  talk,  that  we  may  have  the  fulleft  information  of  the 
f  prefent  difpofitions  gf  thefe  Indians. 

*  3^  I>eC'  176;,  By  order^  ^c. 

«  Benjamin  Sn^ith,  fpeaker,  \ 

^  Mry  fpeahr  and  gentkmeny 

FOR  anfwer  to  your  meflage  of  yefterday,  I  ac*. 
quaint  yoU)  that  fince  col.  Grant  marched  up 

*  the  country,  to  proceed  upon  the  expedition  again^ 

*  the  Cherofeees,  I  have  carried  on  my  correfpondence 
«  with  thofe  Indians  by  the  intervention  of  coK  Grant 
f  ONLY  ;  and  therefore,  fince  that  time,  I  have  not 
f  fent  to,  nor  received  from  the  o^cer  commanding  at 

*  Fort  Prince-George,  any  talks  upon  Indian  affairs, 

*  as  was  the  ufual  practice  before  5  neither  has  colonel 
f  Grant  tranfmitted  to  me  any  othtr  than  what  I  fent 
^  you  yefterday  :  but,  according  to  your  defire,  I  will 

*  endeavour  to  procure  any  fuch  as  you  mention,  by 
f  writing  to  col,.  Grant. 

*  I  have  indeed  received  a  letter  from  capt,  Mackin- 
f  tofh,  chit  fly  an  apology  from  the  Little- Carpenter, 
f  Icm:  his  nQC.  coming  down  according  to  the  time  ap- 

<  pointed^ 


r  62  J 

<  pointed,  and  fent  at  his  earneft  requeft;  however,  I 
«  fend  it  for  your  peruf4. 

*  Dec.  4,  1761.  William  BulL  * 

Capt.  Mackintofli's  letter  is  as  follows : 

Fort  Prince-George^  16th  Nov,  ijSt^ 
«  May  it  pleafe  your  HonouTy  \ 
«  'Tp HE  Little- Carpenter  arrived  here  the  14th  inft. 
«    X    with  the  following  headmen ;  prince  of  Chotih, 
«  the  Old  Warrior  of  Eftatowih,  Cappv,  the  Second 

<  Man  of  Stickowih,  half  Breed  Will,  Slave-Catcher 
«  of  Tomawtley,  the  Raven  of  Noucafih  and  others, 

<  and  a  large  gang  of  men  and  women,  that  he  fays 

<  wants  to  be  down  to  hear  the  talk  that  your  Honour 
«  is  to  give. 

•  The  Carpenter  earneftly  begs  that  I  fhould  write 
«  your  Honour  and  Col.  Grant,  to  excufc,  if  poffible, 
«  his  not  returning  to  Charles  Town  at  the  appointed 

<  time,  as  he  fays,  I  know  the  nature  of  his  country- 

<  men,  the  diftance  of  the  towns,  and  the  difficulty  of 
«  getting  the  head  warriors  together ;  that  if  your  Ho- 
«  nour  will  excufe  him,  and  he  fees  this  letter  in 

<  Charles- Town  upon  his  arrival,  he'll  think  that  I  am 

<  that  friend  to  his  nation  and  countrymen  that  they  fay 
^  I  am  ;  and  if  he  does  not,  he'll  think  otherwife  :  His 
«  doubting  me  is  owing  to  a  quarrel  we  had  yefterday 

•  about  provifions,  and  his  ever  craving  appetite,  and 
«  his  giving  me  a  very  impertinent  talk,  calling  all  the 
«  world  lyars,  particularly  the  province  of  Carolina. 
«  According  to  the  Carpenter's  defire,  /  wrote  coL 
«  Grant  all  he  had  to  fay  here*  I  have  the  honour  to 
«  be,  &c.  '  Lachlan  Mackintofli.' 

*  May  it  pleafe  your  honour ^ 

•  fTpHIS  houfe,  before  they  proceed  to  take  under 
«    J[  ^  confideration  your  meflage  of  the  i8th  inftant, 

<  recommending  that  the  Cherokee  deputies  now  in 

<  town  may  be  furnifhed  with  neceiTaries  to  defend 

•  them  againft  the  feverity  of  the  weather,  think  it  ab- 
f  folutely  necefTary  to  be  informed^  if  thofe  deputies 

•  have 


r  63  ] 

<  have  agreed  to  the  feveral  articles  recommended  to 

<  your  honour  by  this  houfe;  and  therefore  humbly 

*  ^efire,  that  you  will  be  pleafed  to  order  to  be  lai^ 

<  before  us,  any  treaty  that  has  been  ratified  with 
«  them,  and  all  conferences  and  other  papers  relative 

<  to  the  faid  treaty ;  and  alfo  the  Little- Carpenter* i  talk 

*  cftbe  i$tb  of  la  ft  month  at  Fort  Prince- George. 

«  By  order  J  l^e. 

*  Benjamin  Smith,  fpeaker* 

<  %jft  Dec.  1761.  ' 

*  Mr.  fpeaker  and  gentlemen, 

*  /^OL.  Grant,  upon  application  made  to  him  for 

*  \^       Indian  talk  defired  in  your  meffage  to  mc 

*  inftant,  fends  for  anfwer,  that  the  Carpen* 
ter's  to  the  governor  was  tranfmitted  to  him  ;  if  there 

«  had  been  another  talk  with  the  lieutenant-governor, 
it  fliould  have  certainly  been  fent. 
*  22d  Dec,  1761.  William  Bull.  * 

*  May  it  pleafe  your  excellency , 

THIS  houfe  having  received  a  meflage  from  his 
honour  the  lieutenant-governor  the  19th  inft. 
recommending  fome  necelTaries  to  be  given  to  the 
Cherokee  deputies  now  in  town,  have  refolved,  that 
a  fum  not  exceeding  £.  500  be  granted,  to  be  laid 
out  in  neceflaries,  for  fuch  of  the  Cherokee  Indians 
now  in  town,  to  defend  them  agatnji  the  feverity  of 
the  weather,  as  your  excellency  fliall  think  proper  : 
though,  at  the  fame  time,  we  cannot  but  declare 
our  difapprobation  of  the  methods  taken,  to  make  it 
appear,  that  the  Indians  fued  for  peace,  and  of  the 
manner  and  terms  (different  from  thofe  recommen- 
ded by  this  houfe)  upon  which  the  fame  is  concluded, 
*  By  order,  ktc. 

*  Benjamin  Smith,  fpeaker^ 

^  2\th  Dec.  1761.  ' 

Part  of  his  honour  the  lieutenant-  governor's  mefTago 
regarding  th6  Rangers,  dated  the  17th  of  December, 
is  as  follows; 


f  6*  j 

^  Mri  fyeetier  and  gentlemen^ 
«    A  S  the  time  at  which  the  continuaiicfe  of  ttiefSfl- 

*  xiL  K^'^*  ^^^^  expire,  is  very  near,  I  recommend  if 
^  to  you  to  confider,  whether  it  will  not  be  prudent  td 
'continue  them,  until  the  Indians  have  given  us  a 

*  PROOF  of  their  fihcerity  in  the  treaty  of  peace  lately 
«  concluiedy  by  delivering  up  the  prifoners  according  t«> 

*  the  flipulation  of  the  hrft  article  thereof. 

•  «  William  Bull.  \ 

'A  . 

<  Port  Prtnci'Gtdr^e^  ftoijemher  i^thy  ij6t, 

<  A  TALK  fi:cm  the  Little-Carpenter,  to  Mfi 

Mackinto^fti 

*  z^^^^  "  '^'^  '^^y  ^^''^^ 

*  ^w/)/^  ntfit;  ?    It  is  not  enough^  for  the  people  of 

*  CardUnay  to  be  always  telling  me  lies ;   but  now^  the 

<  Dreadful  Warrior,  as  they  call  him  (for  fny  party  t 

*  will  call  him^  the  Com -Puller)  is  making  a  ftrong  houfi 

<  at  Ninety-Si Xy  for  me  and  my  people y  while  they  Jiay 
«  there^  And  then  to  drive  us  to  Charles-Town  like  a  par* 
^  eel  of  Jheep,    The  houfe  has  two  apartmentSy  one  for  the 

*  men  and  one  for  the  women.  And  now  that  is  trite  what 
^  the  Virginia  people  and  col  Byrd  faidy  that  Carolind 
«  and  col  Grant  fpt^h  with  tWo  tongues  ;  and  when  I  was 

<  laji  in  Carolina  I  faw  it  5  for  I  was  promifed^  where^ 

*  ever  I  comey  to  get  prcviftonsy  fumy  frejh  horfeSy  &c^ 
and  I  never  got  either  y  but  fiarvid  me.    And  noWyWheri 

<  I  hear  what  they  a^e  going  to  do  with  mey  I  and  all 

*  people  will  turn  back. —  Upon  which  Mr.  Mackintolh 

*  enquiring  how  he  came  by  this  neivs^  the  Carpentei* 

<  fsiidy  from  *  two  wenches  who  left  col.  Grant  at  Ninety^ 
«  Six  making  the  Jirong  houfe,  ^  Mr.  Mackintofh  told 

<  him,  how  ridiculous  it  WaSy  for  him  to  believe  wenches^ 

<  who  he  knew  went  always  about  telling  lieSy  and  defired 

<  he  might  fend  down  an  Indian  fellow  with  a  whiie  man^ 

*  to  convince  him  what  a  lie  they  invented*  —  The  Car- 

<  penter  faid,  //  was  pofftble  they  might  lie y   as  well  as 

<  the  people  of  Carolina  5  but  to-morrow  I  will  come,  and 

*  gi'^e  you  a  talk  to  fend  to  the  governor  and  coU  Grant  j 

♦  The  Cherokecj  are  known  xv  defpifc  th6ir  wopches,  and  difreearrf 
*}llheyra/.  * 


6  2- 


J 


t-  65  3 


\  iut  you  tnujl  g'lvt  me  a  great  deal  of  four  and  beef ^  for 

<  /  am  not  alone^  I  have  got  a  great  many  with  me.  t 

*  want  to  ajk  y:Uy  what  you  will  give  for  each  brifoner 
«  that  is  come  down  i  if  you  pay  well  for  thofe  that  is 

*  come  now 9  all  the  refl  will  com:  down  5  if  not ^  I  know 
«  not  hew  it  Jhall  he -y  one  hundred  and  fifty  weight  of 

*  leathtr  a  piece  is  the  leajl  you  can  give  tor  them^  for  I 

*  was  told  to  deliver  them  to  Mr.  Mackintofh  told 

*  him,  he  hoard  they  tVas  to  he  given  in  exchange  for  their 

*  own  people. — ^The  Carpenter  faid,  that  col.  Grant  told 

*  himy  their  people  in  Charles-Town  He  todk  in  war ^  and 
«  itivas  what  HE  would,  to  deliver  them  up  i  if  they  got 

*  nothing  for  them  they  brought  down  now^  they  would 
«  bring  no  more  down. — Mr.  Mackintofll  told  the  Car- 

<  pcnter,  he  could  not  prefume  to  fay  any  mure  on  that  head^ 

*  hut  that  he  would  write  to  the  governor  and  cel.  GranC 

*  to-morrow  when  he  came  to  the  fort,  ' 

Now,  Sir,  you  plainly  fee  the  aukward  and  con- 
temptible fituation  the  coloncrs  fine  management  has 
reduced  us  to  with  the  Cherokees,  even  with  our  old 
friend  too  the  Little- Carpenter.  The  expence  this 
province  alone  (exclufive  of  any  afliftance)  has  been  at 
in  the  war  with  thefe  favages,  for  very  little  more  thaa 
two  years,  amounts  to  upwards  of  750,000 currency, 
more  than  equal  to  107,000  fterling,  of  which  full 
two-thirds  might  have  been  faved,  had  the  colonel,  lit 
1760,  only  marched  immediately  after  the  furprize  at 
the  Lower  Settlements,  without  any  delays,  and  lofs  of 
time  fpent  in  negotiations  with  the  Indians,  which  n6 
body,  as  ever  I  heard  of,  thought  he  had  any  bufmefe 
with ;  the  province  wanted  his  affiftance  only  to  fight 
them. 

The  Indians  remain  ftill  quiet,  and  perhaps  they  may- 
continue  fo  'till  the  French  arc  able  to  fupplythem,  tho* 
even  this  is  very  doubtful,  for  the  fpring  is  not  yet  far 
enough  advanced,  fo  as  to  Cover  the  trees  with  leaves^ 
and  give  them  the  opportunity  of  that  fecure  cover  they 
fo  much  value  in  war.  Our  prifoners  are////  out  upon 
the  hunt,  and  if  they  are  permitted  to  keep  them  (a3 
well  as  the  horles  and  cattle)  or  are  paid  for  them, 

I  perhaps 


[  66  } 

perhaps  they  may  take  compa/Hon  on  115,  and  troutSe 
lis  no  more,  cfpccially  as,  *tis  to  be  hoped  that,  it  wiflf 
/bon  be  out  of  the  power  of  the  French  to  fuppl/^ 
rhcm ;  this  th«  matter  fecms  entirely  to  turn  upon 
but  only  fuppoft  this  contingency  (hoold  happen,  wha^ 
one  rational  fecurity  have  we,  that  they  would  ho% 
jiTi mediately  break  out  again  and  join  them  ?  Do  not 
all  their  talks,  all  their  behaviour,  plainly  fhcw,  they 
will  do  only  what  they  picafe,  and  arc  fo  far  from 
fearing,  ihii  they  defpifc  us  anxl  make  us  their  dupes  ; 
and  will  keep  in  with  us  juft  as  lone  as  it  fuits  theii; 
humpui-,  0):  'till  they  can  be  fupplicd  elfewherc,  an4 
no  longer? 

The  colonef,  very  foon  af:er  his  return  from  the 
French,  after  the  aifair  at  Fort  Duquefnt,  was  fent  to 
us  the  /r/?  time,  and  did  worfe  than  noihmg :  He  was 
fent  to  i»s  2g^my  z  fece^d  tin^e,  and  did  twice  as  nfiich  : 
And,  'tii  very  probable,  he  has  not  yet  (hewn  us  half 

tcan  do  in  the  fame  wav  j  another  expedition  may 
ffin  neceflary  ;  the  Valleys,  the  Upper  towns,  tiic 
principal  aggrelTors,  have  not  yet  loft  any  of  "  their 
preft  valuabii  effiifs  ;  "  only  fuppofc  (no  unlikely 
thing)  that  thefe  fhould  break  out  again,  may  we  not 
have  the' colonel  fent  to  us  a  third  time  **  to  bring  them 
to  REASON  **  ?  and  doe»  the  province  want  any  thing 
inore,  than  his  prcfence  a  third  time,  as  a  cdmmandei; 
in  thief,  to  make  all  our  eftates  as  purely  negative^  a» 
the  piy  of  the  foldiers  and  mzny  of  the  officers  was 
to  them,  when  the  n^onopolizing  company  of  futtlers 
took  their  laft  leave  of  the  camp, 

Tb  s,  Mr.  Timothy,  is  my  apprehenfion,  and  tfic 
principal  oceaflon  of  this  fecond  trouble  to  you  j  and 
jf  the  matters  that  are  here  taken  notice  of,  are  in  the 
leaft  degree  inftrumental  to  prevent  fo  terrible  an  evil, 
1  fliall  think  I  have  done  the  public  fome  fervkc;  if 
not,  Uberavi  ammam  mtam.  But,  are  we  not  particu- 
larly and  extremely  unfortunate,  in  thefe  glorious  ancj 
happy  times  all  round  us,  when  the  numerous  offi(;ej^ 
in  his  majefty's  fervice  have  fo  generally  diflinguidied 
tMcmfelves,  that  it  is  impoffible  to  name  them  all,  and 
to  paruculariic  any,  would  be  flieiiring.a  want  of  dc- 


[  6  7.  1 

licacy  to  the  reft  ;  that  in  thcfe  times,  I  fay,  we  (hould 
twice  running  have  this  gentleman  Cent  to  our  affif* 
tance,  upon  a  moft  cafy  bufincfs  indeed  !  which  h« 
had  each  time  very  evidently  in  his  power  to  accom* 
plifh,  and  completely  anfwer  all  our  wifhes ;  but  in- 
ftead  of  doing  it,  has  made  matters  abundantly  MJQrfe^ 
by  miftaking  his  talents  and  bufinefs  too.  H^e  wq 
any  thing  to  blame  for  this  but  pure  ill  fortune  ?  Ma- 
ny have  thought  indeed,  that  the  tranfadions  in  1760 
ou^ht  to  have  been  timely  laid  before  the  general^ 
which  would  perhaps  have  had  fome  efFedl,  to  prevent 
this  complete  mafter  of  infmuation,  painting,  and  dc- 
fign,  from  coming  here  the  fecond  time ;  but  whofe 
bufinefs  was  this  ?  You'll  fay,  the  afTcmbly  ou|ht  to 
have  concurred  to  give  them  the  proper  weight  and 
fahi^ion  ;  but  this  could  not  be  had  from  that  alTem- 
bly,  whofe  three  years  fitting,  according  to  law,  ex- 
pired a  few  days  after  the  colonel  left  us,  in  Auguft^ 
1760  J  and  very  Toon  after  the  next  aflem bly  met,  an 
account  of  his  late  majefty's  demife  arrived,  which' 
very  foon  occafioned  that  too  to  be  diflblved,  before 
any  thing  of  this  fort  could  have  been  properly  done  ; 
and  in  the  interim  this  gentleman  was  appointed  again^ 
Numberlefs  advantages,  no  doubt,  attend  the  pre- 
fent  glorious  times,  wherein  his  majefty's  arms  have 
fo  univerfilly  fucceeded  every  where,  but  here;  not 
in  the  colonel's  rhetorical  figurative  manner'  on  ^a^er^ 
only,  but  really  in  the  downright  hanejl  Critifh  manv 
ncr.  But  even  amongft  us,  who  are  fo  particularly 
unfortunate  as  to  be  the  only  exception,  is  it  a  fmall 
advantage,  arifing  purely  from  thefe  times,  to  be  able 
to  point  out  the  caufe  of  our  misfortunes,  in  a  more 
open,  plain  and  eaf^  manner,  than  the  times  (as  re- 
ported) no  very  great  interval  fincc,  would  have  fuf- 
fe red  us  to  do  confiftent  with  fafety  and  prudence? 
v/hcn  it  was  fufpe6ted  to  be,  av'rice  all^  and 

Our  flag,  inverted,  traij'd  along  the  ground. 
Then,  how  could  it  be  expeded,  that  WE  (ho u id  be 
able  to  mal^e  ufe  of  tho(c  delicate  exprellivc  hints, 
I       '       Sir  Billy  ferv'd  the  crcwn^ 
Blunt  cou'd  do  bufmefsy  H-ggins  knav  the  tcwn. 

Now, 


[  68  ] 

Now,  even  an  American  may  tell  out  the  grievancet 
of  an  injured  province,  in  his  own  uncouth  manner, 
"without  clanger  of  giving  offence,  tempora  mutantur* 
The  heart  is  xiovf  found,  the  touch'd  parts  aie  not  a- 
tove  fkin  deep  at  mol^,  are  foon  didinguiihed,  and  as 
foon  removed,  to  the  great  cafe  and  advantage  of  the 
reft.  Avarice,  artifice,  pretence,  impofition,  defign- 
ing  felf-fufiiciency,  neglect,  and  grofs  mifreprefcnta- 
tion,.maybe  pointed  at,  whatever  little  dirty  corner 
they  may  fneak  into  and  huddle  together,  without  that 
mce  and  difficult  delicacy  that  muft  have  been  abfolute- 
ly  neceffary  heretofore,  when  fo  general  a  room  was 
fuppofed  to  be  affordtd  t^em.  To  make  ufe  of  that 
Tiice  ftilenow,/Would,  if  we  were  able,  be  not  only  al- 
together un neceffary,  but  an  affront  to  the  times,  and 
imply  a  doubt  of  that  fo  general  and  vifible  change  for 
the  better. 

I  gave  you  fonie  reafon  to  expeft  in  my  laft,  that  I 
"would  furnifh  you  with  a  calculation  of  the  profit  gained 
on  a  hogihead  of  rum  fold  by  the  futtlers  in  Mr.  Lyttle- 
ton-s  camp  at  Keehowee  in  December  1759  ;  andalfa 
of  that  gained  by  the  futtling  company  lafl  fummer  at 
fame  place,  in  coU  Grant's  camp.  1  he  two  principal 
futtlers  in  1759  paid  32  s.  6  d.  per  gallon  for  their  rum 
in  Charles-Town.  The  beginning  of  laft  fummer  i\n% 
article  might  have  been  bought  for  14  s.  per  gallon,  and 
even  at  13  s.  9d.  as  I  have  been  well  informed  a  con- 
siderable quantity  .  was  then  bought  by  the  futtler* 
Kow  fuppofmg  a  hogfhead  of  rum  of  about  1 10  gal- 
lons te  weigh  about  1000  lb,  which.  I  am  mformcd  i^ 
allowed  for  a  hogfliead  one  with  another,— 
This  at  6  1.  per  cent,  the  freight  to  Kceho- 1        o  o 

wee,  amounts  ta       —  —  y 

Say  1 10  gallons  ru«i  coft  in  1759^  32s.6d.|     g  ^ 

per  gallon  in  Charles- Town,  —   ^    i   /  ^ 


Then  the  no  gallons  and  freight  coft  atl 

Keehowee  in  1 759,  according  to  this  cal-  >  238  150. 
culaiion,  —  —  —  J 

But  allowing  it  gallons  for  leakage  and  pilferage,.which 
i$  about  15  per  cent,  then  the  remaining  94  gallons,, 

(up-* 


I  69  ] 

fuppofcd  to  be  fold  Keehowee,  muft  cofl:  there  th^ 
above  238  1.  15  s.  that  is  abost  50  s.  d.  per  gallon- 
Ac  A  lN,'allowing  the  freight, which  was  the  -> 

lame  laft  fummer  as  in  1759,  to  be  6  1.    60   o  o 
per  cent,  dn  I  ceo  lb.      —  — »    —    \  1 
Then  1 10  gallons  at  14  s.  coft  in  Char  les-  7 . 


'  137  o  o' 

Then  dedu^ling*  16  gallons  as  before  for  leakage  and 
Occidents,  the  remaining  94.  gallons  will  coft  137  i.  at 
Keehowee,  that,  is  about  29  s.  2  d.  per  gallon.  / 
Then  as  one  gallon  of  rum  that  coft  at  Keehowee 
in  1759,  50  s.  9f  d.  was  never  fold  for  more  (though 
fome rimes  for  confiderably  lefs)  than  6  1.  per  gallon. 
The  fime  quantity  that  coft  only  29  s.  2d.  Lift  fum- 
mer, ought  to  have  been  fold  there,  in  order  to  gain 
the  like  proportional  profir,  at  3  1.  8  s.  10 J  d.  {dy  3  1. 
9  s.  or  even  3  ].  10  s.)  which  leavesabovc  140  percent, 
clear  gain  ;  but  it  was  ftill  fold  at  61.  therefore  the  diffe- 
rence, 50  s.  currency,  upwards  of  7  s.  fterJ.  per  gallon, 
that  is  above  170  per  cent,  more  (over  and  above  the 
other  moderate  profit  of  ONLY  140  per  cent.)  was  exorbi- 
tantly fqueezedout  of  the  poor  fnldiers  pockets. — iV.ff. 
As  the  army  in  1759  did  not  then  halt  above  three  weeks, 
and  that  in  the  middle  of  winter,  af  Keehowee,  and  the 
troops  laft  fummer  were  fourteen  weeks  there,  the 
futtling  company  this  laft  campaign,  bcfides  other 
advantages  in  fo  long  a  halt,  had  an  opportunity 
'of  putting  off"  a  prodigious  quantity  of  other  goods, 
more  than  the  futtlers  in  1 759  could  ;  for  which  res- 
fon,  the  company  might  have  afforded  their  goodff 
much  cheaper,  in  proportion,  than  the  others  were 
able  to  do :  in  the  fummer  too,  when  grafs  was  plen- 
ty, it  would  have  been  worth  while  to  have  had  wag- 
gons and  horfes  of  their  own,  efpecially  for  fo  long  ait 
opportunity,  and  this  I  am  told  that  company  had, 
which  muft  make  their  freight  much  lower  ftill,  a» 
there  was  no  danger  then  of  their  horfes  perifhing  in 
the  woods  for  want  of  food.  In  my  laft  I  took  notice 
Qf  the  advaneed  price  on  fcvcral  other  articles. 

'Tls 


r  70  1 

^Tis  h'lzh  time,  Mr.  Timothy,  to  finilb  this  tcdioiA 
letter.  The  matters  mentioned  therein,  happened  dur- 
ing the  three  difHcult  and  laborious  aflTemblics  I  had  the 
bonour  to  fcrvc  in.  Whether  my  remarks  are  to  the 
purpofe,  or  no>  the  candid  reader  will  certainly  be  the 
beft  judge :  I  am  fure,  he  will  at  leaft  be  convinced,  that 
J  haVe  noti  ia  that  time,  be^n  inattentive  to  the  moft 
roiaiferials  concerns  of  the  public.  I  fliall  hardly  ever 
trouble  you  with  a  third  letter.  I  am  confcious  of  no 
prejudices  againii:  any  man,  or  th^t  I  have  exceeded 
the  bounds  that  truth,  honour,  fmcerity,  and  duty  to 
the  public  prefcribe. 

Prejudices  of  most  forts,  of  a  national  nature,  be* 
tween  man  and  man,  are  contemptible  to  the  laft  de- 
gree 5  but  ALL  thoCe  of  a  dmeftic  nature,  are  not  only 
lo,  but  infamous  and  hurtful  too,  and  fubveriive  of 
the  true  general  intereft  of  the  community.  I  call  all 
tbofe  dom$ftlc  prejudices  between'man  and  man,  where 
any  fet  of  individuals  of  the  fame  monarchy,  becaufe 
they  happen  accidentally  to  be  born  in  this  ftreet,  this 
parifli,  this  county,  or  this  larger  divifion  of  it,  or  for 
any  other  as  partial  trifling  diftin^ion  whatever,  are 
iniluenced  thereby  in  their  interdealings,  connexions  • 
aiid  judgments,  to*  the  injury  of  their  feUow  fubjeda 
born  in  a  different  part.  All  the  individuals  of  the 
fame  monarchy,  from  one  extreme  to  the  other,  ought 
to  be  thought  countrymen^  and  have  fuch  a  regard  for 
each  other  as  is  confident  with  the  whole.  The  fmall 
Jimitttl  preferenccj^that  nature  may  point  out  among 
friends  and  relations,  can  be  but  few,  and  if  not  car-, 
ried  beyond  her  bounds,  cannot  have  a  bad  tendency^ 
as  nont  of  her  rules  have.  AH  the  men  in  a  parifh,and 
^more  fo  in  a  large  divifion  of  a  monarchy,  cannot  be 
thought  to  know  each  other ;  time  and  accident  ought 
to  be  allowed  their  due  effeX  with  all  fubjedls  alike  y 
suid  nothing  can  be  mqre  defpicable  and  prejudicial  to 
a  community,  than  for  any  fet  of  men,  to  make  the 
intervention  of  what  they  contra£leily  call  ztomtryman^ 
ihc  jinequa  non^  or  teft  of  their  fincerity,  friendfliip,  and 
favours.    Is  not  this  dividing  a  kingdom  againft  itfelf,^ 

the  confequQACC  of  whjlch  we  biaw  very  well  fron\ 

^  .....  ....  ^ 


fie  Higheft  authority  ? — ^There  cannot  be  many,  fare- 
y,  aihongft  us,  if  any,  of  thefe  narrow  deftru^iivc 
fentiments  ;  but  if  there  (hould,  they  ought  to  be  pi- 
tied :  And,  if  a  contrary  behaviour,  of  impartiality 
and  generofity  among  their  fellow  fubjeds,  receiving 
them  with  open  arms  every  were,  will  dot  open  their 
eyes,  and  make  their  little  hearts  glow  with  more  en- 
larged and  grateful  fentiments,  and  reftore  them  to  their 
true,  general,  and  equal  gravitation,  they  muft  be  left 
io  fiet  the  natural  confequenccs  fuch  a feffifi  bihaviour^ 
when  generally  perceived,  mu/l  occahon.  Nothing 
can  polfibly  be  faid  for  anv  of  thcfe  domejik  preju- 
dices between  man  and  man  \  they  muft  be  all  as  o«^ 
dious  as  hurtful.  As  to  S£v  eral  of  the  national  while 
mankind  are  divided  into  different  monarchies  and  go- 
vernments, and,  according  to  the  fluctuating  fituation 
of  all  human  affairs,  frequently  involved  unhappily  ivito  a 
ftatc  of  war  with  each  other,  somethino  may  be 
faid  in  their  favour  :  for  iriflance,  under  the  many  gal- 
lant and  prudent  officers  at  this  time  in  his  majefty's 
navy,  may  not,  and  has  not,  a  good  ufe  been  frequently 
made,  of  that  common  prejudice  that  our  moft  ufeful 
experimental  philofophers,  the  honeft  Britifti  tars  have 
among  them,  that  one  Briton  is  as  good  as  fix  Frenchmen* 
In  (hort,  national  prejudices  between  man  and  man  may 
be  fjmettmes  ferviceable ;  but  domeflicy  are  always  de- 
ftru£tive  and  abominable,  and  whatever  may  bethought, 
Tros  T vrius  que  mihi  nulh  di/crimine  agetur^ 
A  fFelfe  or  Forbes  I  equally  admire : 
That  for  his  generous  well-timed  intrepidity  when  the 
national  circumftances  required  it,  to  defpife  all  dan- 
gers, and  attempt  every  things  even  under  fuch  great 
and  numerous  difadvantages  as  he  had  to  encounter 
at  Quebec :  This  for  his  determined  fteadinefs  and 
fortitude,  to  be  overcome  by  no  dfiEculties,  but  ftilt 
to  pufh  forward,  afjd  clear  his  v/ay  as  he  advanced, 
*tili  he  had  fully  accomplifhed  his  moft  important  work 
at  the  Ohio,  though  at  the  fame  time  death-ftruck,  and 
carried  upon  a  litter  many  hundred  miles,  through  frofts 
and  fnows,  in  the  midft  of  winter.  Military  heroifm 
cannot  well  be  carried  farther,  than  if;  was  by  thefc 


\ 


f   7»  ] 

two  gentlemen,  who  will  ever  be  remembered  with 
honour,  as  long  as  any  fpark  of  it  remains  in  the  Bh- 
tifli  American  colonies. 

My  avcrfian  to  appear  in  print,  was  the  only  reafon 
I  did  not  fign  my  name  to  my  firft  letter  :  As  L  did 
i)ot  do  it  then,  that  is  tn  additional  reafon  for  my.omit- 
iingit  now:  Indeed  the  fenfible  reat'er  will  regard 
the  arguments  and  them  only;  if  they  are  not  to  the 
purpofc,  no  name  whatever  can  make  them  fo,  and 
Aiuch  lefs  mine.  '  However,  it  may  be  neceflary  to 
«foncludc  here,  with  what  I  told  you  when  I  delivered 
jiiy  laft,  not  to  conceal  from  any  perlbn,  whofe  mo- 
tive of  enquiry  is  not  impertinent  curiofity  only,  what 
fs  the  real  name  of  ' 

lour  7noft  hvmhU  fervant^ 

PHILOPATRIOS. 

"To  Mr.  Piter  Tztnoihy. 

PS.  As  you  have  been  To  long  prevented,  for  want 
.ifiiftancc,  to  print  the  foregoing  letter,  it  gives  me 
opportunity  ot  remarking  fl  wifli  I  could  fay  of 
congratulating  the  public)  on  the  news  from  Fort 
Prince-George  dated  the  6th  ult.  and  printed  in  the 
laft  vveckly  gazette,  from  whence  we  are   "  ajfuredy 
*'  ihhti  the  frmeji  peace  that  ever  nas  made  zvith  ihd 
Cherokees  ;  "  that      the  chain  Is  bright^  the  path  is 
Jirah^  the  talk U go9d^  the  hatchet  is  buried,  and  the 
\yxfun  Jkincs.  The  white  PRISONERS  are  deli. 

^*  vering  up,  and  the  commandant  expels  the  whole  e^ 
very  day,  with  ail  the  negroes,  in  terms  of  the  frea- 
^y-  "    One  prifoner,  and  no  more,  as  ever  I  heard 
of  (perhaps  a  breeding  woman,  and  fo  reckoned  PRI- 
SONERS) was  delivered  up  (before  the  date  of  that 
letter)  fmce  the  Little-Carpeiitcr  left  Charles-Town 
in  December  laH:.    At  the  time  xhzt  double  or  trihU 
prifoner  was  brought  in,  that  politician  was  faid  to  be 
coming  down  with  the  reft,  thirty  more,  and  might 
be  expedled  in  a  few  days.    Now  it  fcems,  he  is  gone 
to  Virgini?..— Our  prifgncrs  arc  STILL  out  a  hunt- 
ing I 


76 


•    t  73  1 

Sng :  or,  they  will  nit  come  away,  but  choofi  to  tttf 
with  the  Indians  :  or,  they  are  afraid  to  ftir,  on  aci- 
count  of  the  Northern  Indians,  who  are  pretended  to 
he  about  their  tdwns,  and  may  kill  them  by  miftake 
for  Cher6kees,  being  dreffed  and  painted  like  them : 
Thcfc,  and  fuch  like  ridiculous  pretences,  have  been 
long  trumped  up,  and  are  ftill  making ;  arid  no  doubt 
if  the  Cherokees  (hould  tell  us,  their  enemy  Ixidian$ 
have  killed  all  our  priforiers,  it  would  readily  be  be- 
lieved, by  fome,  as  highly  probable ;  aiid  thole  looked 
upon  as  very  faithlefs  and  unreafonable,  who  would 
fcruple  their  veracity,  arid  fufpc6l  them  to  have  bai 
any  hand  in  it  themfelves. 

'Tis  how  (the  6th  of  May)  almoft  a  twelve-montli 
fmce  the  colonel,  by  his  own  account  to  the  general, 
laft  Jumnur  drove  abif)ut  5000  tf  the  Cberekees  int§ 
•  *  the  woods  and  mountains  "  (wherefrorii?  the  woods 
and  mountains  :  much  like  driving  a  ihoal  of  fifh  from 
one  pond  into  another)  where ^  having  nothing  to 
«  fubfij  upon,  they  MUST  either  ftarve  or  SUE  for 

^a<e.  "  How  did  the  colonel  know  they  had 
fhing  I  never  heard  of  much  corn  he  dfcftroyed,  ex- 
cepting in  the  fields ;  what  was  remaining  of  the  precc- 
ding  crop,  for  aught  he  then  knew,  was  hid  and  fecured 
in  thefe  mountains,  and  'tis  very  probable  it  was  (b> 
bcfides  other  provifioiis,  fufEcieat  to  ferve  them,  with 
a  little  horfe-ilefh  now  arid  then  as  a  relifher,  for  it 
feems,  by  this  intelligence,  they  have  EATEN  all 
OUR  horfes.  More  houfes,  or  rather  huts,  are  fooa 
fitted  up  and  re-furnifhed,  as  we  know  "  they  faved 

all  their  moft  valuable  effeSiSy  **  unlefs  they  got  fpoi- 
Icd  in  moving. 

The  two  principal  criterions,  to  judge  of  the  Indians 
peaceable  intentions  (together  with  their  continuing 
quiet)  are,  their  delivering  up  our  prifoners,  and  not 
joining  the  French  iholuld  th^y  be  able  to  fupply  thera« 
This  lalt,  which  is  by  far  the  furefl  fign,  would  de- 
monilrate  their  fmcerity  \  but  this  we  have  not  an  op- 
portunity to  judge  by  yet,  and  God  forbid  we  ever 
ihould.  Their  long  fliuffling  delays  in  regard  to  the 
ether,  give  us  the  higheft  rcafon  to  fufped  their  cor- 

Yk  diality 


right  t 

o  expecSl: 

,  that 

the  color 

id's 

c 

f  nnfin 

* 

i>  1  n  CT  trif 

;fe  por 
and  n 
is  fo  \ 

npous  ac 
egroes  a 
?ery  hype 

coun 
re  ai 
rboli 

our  p 
Thisl 

Ulilt'  4JIC 

rifoners 
aft  news 

in  you 

Vrn  f 

r  paper. 

Mr.  1 

"imothy, 

it  w 

7  ^ 


[  75  ]  ^ 

or  was  too  immaterial  to  be  infcrted  in  this  abftra<^) 
"  they  are  all  forry  for,  but  could  not  help  it.  He  defir^s 
*^  capt.MackintoJh  to  acquaint  the  governor ^  that  he  is  ON 


THE  PATH  ;   and  to  ajjure  kim^  they  will  bring 


it  appears,  that  our  prifoners  are  lefs  likely  to  be  de- 
livered up  nowy  than  they  were  in  September  laft. 
The  Indians   then    engaged  to    "  deliver  them  im- 
mediately."    They  prcmife  the  fame  Jiill^  'tis 
true  :    But  THEN,  they  were  bare  of  neceflaries, 
from  having  no  trade ;   NOW,  they  are   full  of 
goods,  fupp  ied  from  the  other  provinces,  and  need 
not  care      a  Jhilling     for  us.    What  is  this  owing,, 
to  ?  is  it  not  (amongft  other  caufes)  to  the  peace  beinff~> 
FINALLY  RATIFIED,  before  our  prifoners  were 
ACTUALLY  deliv^ered  up  ?    If  no  peace  had  been 
ratified^  no  traders  could,  with  any  pretence,  have 
been  fent  amongft  them  by  our  neighbours  ;   but  AF- 
TER it  vi^as,  muft  it  not  be  expcaed,  that  traders 
would  pufh  amongft  them,  and  try  who  could  get 
frj^  to  market  ?    Might  not  the  provinces  near  us 
think  it  a  piece  of  artifice,  to  dcfire  them,  after  the 
peace  WAS  ratified,  to  wait  'till  our  prifoners  came 
down,  in  order  to  fecure  the  fi-J}  and  be/i  of  the  trade  . 
to  ourfelves  :    I  am  far  from  thinking  any  fuch  mean 
and  low  cunning  was  intended;    I  am  certain  of  the 
contrary  :   but  don't  mankind  judge  of  public  bodies, 
2S  well  as  individuals^  according  to  appearance^  I  what 
e!fe  have  the  generality  to  judge  by?  fewy  VERY 
FEW,  have  been  admitted  into  the  fecrets  of  ftate  ;  and, 
in  Indian  z&dus,  interpreters  may  be  mar.aged^  are  not 
always  to  be  relied  on,  and  will  not  SOMETlTvIES  be 
underftood.  Yours^  as  before. 


LETTERS 


V, 


\ 


J^ETT  E  R  S  referred  to  in  the  foregoing, 

(No.  8r.) 

Taken  from  the  fTeii^y  Gaxette,  of  Junt  4.  17  60. 
[Prwted  for  (and  publiflied  by)  Mr.  Robtrt  mils.} 

Camp  at  Ninety  Jix^  May  27. 

GN  the  arrival  of  the  waggons  the  fecond  time  frona 
Mottck^s  corner,  we  proceeded  on  our  inarch  the  17th 
inftant,  at  fear  in  the  morning,  for  Ninety- fix  fort,  leaving 
9n  officer  with  a  detachment  irom  the  Highlanders  to  bring 
up  the  waggons  that  were  not  ready  to  march  from  the  camp  a 
that  day  encamped  at  Miln-creek ;  18th,  at  Hollow  creek» 
where  the  remainder  of  our  waggons,  with  the  detachment 
joined  us :  The  19th  and  20th  were  obliged  to  halt  to  refrefh 
the  horfcs  and  repair  the  broken  waggons  5  hen  king  Hagltr 
and  about  forty  Cataiubaf  favoured  us  tuitb  their  company ; 
The  2 1  ft,  the  army  reached  the  Little  Saluda  river,  after  being 
feverely  pelted  with  rains  daring  the  march  ;  the  rains  cbn^ 
tinned  all  that  night,  and  were  fo  heavy  next  day  a$  to  prevent 
pur  marching :  The  23d  wc  lodged  at  Saluda  Old -Town, 
"where  there  is  only  the  veftige  of  one  houfc ;  here  Mr.  Atkin 
joined  us  ;  and  on  Saturday  24th  May,  at  ten  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  we  arrived  at  Ninety  fix,  where  there  is  a  ftockade, 
and  a  great  number  of  miferable  people,  chiefly  women  and 
children,  cooped  up  in  it.  Captain  Thomas  Bell  who  com- 
mands this  fort  is  a  good  ibrt  o(  a  man ;  the  men  who  are  with 
him  are  to  be  put  into  pay,  s^nd  left  as  a  garrifon,  for  none 
clfe  can  be  fpared.  We  halt  here  till  the  cattle  can  be  coU 
levied,  of  which  two  or  three  droves  are  coming  up  to  us. 
Twenty  waggons  are  fent  back  to  Congarees  to  bring  up 
^ore  flour. 

**  At  Hollow-Creek  we  had  an  exprcfs  from  Fort  Prince- 
Qeorge,  which  the  meflTenger  left  13th  inftant,  and  fi»c( 
the  negro  Abram  is  arriued  ivith  di/patches  from  that  fort  and 
Tort  Loudoun.  This  negro,  who  is  the  property  of  one  Mr. 
Behn,  has  certainly  executed  the  commands  of  the  govern- 
ment, in  delivering  the  letters  at  both  forts,  with  furprifinjj 
difpatch,  in  the  midft  of  ib  much  danger  ;  His  mailer,  who  is 
now  here,  iays  he  has  no  objeaion  to  his  being  made  fiec, 
but  as  he  has  loft  his  all,  except  this  negro,  in  the  prefent 
troubles,  hopes  the  province  will  not  let  him  be  a  fuflerer. 

««  Yeftcrday  colonel  Montgomery  reviewed  the  provincial 
troops,  who  made  a  very  decent  appearance.  The  following 
is  the  diftribution  of  thofe  that  go  to  the  Cherokees,  captains 
prinnsn,  Bcaujeau,  Watts,  RuBcl  and  O'Neal  of  the  rangers, 

lieutenants 


J 


[  77  J 

lieutenants  MacpKerron  and  Rayford  (the  laft  with  eattlt)  of 
ditto,  and  captain  Morifon  of  the  provincial  reginienty  with 
355  private  men  :  Befide*  thefe,  an  officer  and  t«n  men  of 
the  rangers,  are  u>  join  the  army  on  the  march,  with  cattle. 
The  following  are  the  fcouting  parties  left  to  prote^  the 
back  iettlementt,  while  the  army  is  gone  to  the  Cherokces, 
captain  Brown  of  the  rangers,  and  lieutenant  Vana  of  captain 
mtts's  company,  of  ditto,  with  forty-fevcn  men,  from  Nine- 
ty^Six  to  fort  Moore  and  Savannah  Old  Town  ;  captain  Pear- 
Ion  with  forty-two  men  from  Ninety-Six  to  Broad^River ; 
lieutcnapt  Richburgh  of  captain  Beaujeau's  company,  with 
twenty  men,  from  Broad-River  to  Catawba-River,  and  lieute- 
nant Cooper  with  twenty- nine  provincials,  firom  Ninety-Six 
to  Conguccf,  making  in  all  138  men^  exclufive  of  officers. 

We  march  to-morrow  for  Keowee,  where  we  expeft  t9 
airiv*  in  twelve  days ;  our  march  thither  muft  be  as  our  carri- 
ages will  allow,  Yefterday  an  extrefs  in  t<wo  dmt  from  Aur- 
guflat  brought  us  *verj  di/agreeable  news,  /rum  the  Creeks^  of 
which  no  doubt  you  arc  acquainted.  iVe  frail  throw  a  fupply 
of  flour ^  cattU  and  other  necegaries  into  Fort  Prince  Gterge  and 
FoaT  Loudoun.  The  province  muft  raifemore  troops  for 
its  defence,  or  what  will  become  of  it  when  we  are  gone,  and 
we  fliall  certainly  embark  as  foon  as  we  return  from  the  Che- 
rokee country.  The  troops  march  with  uncommon  fpirit  ; 
and  1  believe  it  is  evident  where  an  army  was  to  be  maintained 
in  an  uninhabited  country,  the  gentlemen  in  the  direftion  of 
our  affiiirs  have  credit  from  their  difpatch,  as  a  iingle  hour 
does  not  appear  to  have  been  thrown  away;  and  at  the  fam9 
iimt  it  is  hut  juftice  to  mention  the  hearty  manner  in  uohich  th% 
lieuttnant-goniemor  has  cO'Optrated  twitb  us^  luitbout  *whieh  'wg^ 
tould  not  ba<ve  been  thus  far  adwneed,  Ike  Cataiuba  Indiarn 
nvith  US  are  all  in  number  near  fixty.  we  expect  little 
faoi4  them.  The  eattU  areas  Huildks  deer,  without  the  af 
fifianct  of  the  rangers,  who  art  all  mounted,  it  would  be  impof" 
fible  to  eolUa  or  drive  themP 

Colonel  Grant-s  first  Letter. 
(Bg  auti)OritHO 
%he  following  letter  to  his  honour  the  Lieutenant  Governor,  eon* 
taining  a  particular  account  of  the  fuccefs  of  his  majeflfs  arme 
under  the  command  of  the  hon,  col.  Montgomery,  is  publifbed 
for  the  information  and fatisfaSiou  of  the  public. 
«  SIR. 

»*  T  Informed  you  in  my  letter  by  Price,  that  wc  Ihould 
X  mar^h  the  23.th  fiwoi  Ninety-Six,  which  we  did,  and 

arrived 


U 


r  78  ] 

arrived  the  ifl  of  this  month  at  Twelve-Mile  river,  having  had 
that  pafs  fufficiently  reconnoitred  the  night  before  ;  and  that 
morning  we  paffed  it  without  oppofition,  and  drew  up  about 
II  o'clock,  upon  a  rifing  ground  near  the  river.  About  4  in 
the  afternoon  our  carriages  got  to  camp,  having  been 
brought  up  thofe  fteep  and  rocky  banks  by  the  force  of  men  : 
the  horfes  could  not  do  it,  being  fatigued  and  wore  out,  with 
a  march  of  84  miles  without  a  halting  day. 

As  we  met  with  no  oppofition  at  T\<''elve-Mile  river,  and 
at  the  fame  time  our  fcouts  finding  no  Indian  tracks  near  us, 
both  col.  Montgomery  and  I  were  convinced,  that  they  knew 
nothing  of  our  march,  and  were  refolved  to  take  the  advantage 
of  their  negligence,  by  a  forced  march  that  night,  though 
the  troops  were  a  little  fatigued  with  a  march  of  20  miles  that . 
morning,  from  Beaver- Dams  to  the  river  :  We  therefore  en- 
camped in  a  fquare,  upon  very  advantageous  ground,  and 
leaving  our  tents  (landing,  with  120  of  the  king's  troops,  a 
few  provincials,  and  about  70  railgers,  as  a  guard  to  our 
camp,  waggons,  cattle,  &c.  we  msrched  at  eight  at  night, 
through  the  woods,  in  order  to  furprifc  Eflatoe,  which  by 
that  road  was  about  25  miles  from  our  camp  upon  the  rirer. 
After  we  had  msrched  about  16  miles,  a  dog  was  heard  bark- 
ing at  fome  diftance  in  our  front,  and  the  guides  informed  us, 
that  there  were  a  few  houfes  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from 
the  road,  called  Little  Keowee,  of  which  indeed  they  had  not 
informed  us  before:  To  prevent  any  inconvenience  from 
thofe  houfes,^  the  light  infantry  company  of  the  Royal  wzs 
detached  to  furround  the  houfes,  and  put  the  Indians  to  death 
with  their  bayonets.  By  an  accident,  a  fcout  which  had  been 
at  Fort  Prince-George  that  very  day,  were  encamped  near 
the  houfes,  and  upon  difcovering  our  men,  they  fired  at  them ; 
a  few  of  ours  returred^  the  fire,  but  immedis^ely  rufhed  in 
upoii  them,  and  moft  of  thofe  who  were  without  the  houfes, 
2nd  all  who  were  in  them,  were  put  to  death  with  bayonets, 
except  the  women  and  children,  according  to  the  orders  which 
h.ad  been  given.  We  proceeded  dire6lly  on  our  march  to 
Eftatoe,  and  found  a  few  houfes  on  the  road  juft  defertcd  ;  the 
beds  were  warm,  and  every  thing  was  left  in  the  houfes, 
which  you  may  believe  did  not  efcape.  We  arrived  early  ia 
the  morning  at  Eftatoe,  which  was  abandoned  about  half 
an  hour  before ;  ten  or  a  dozen  of  them,  who  had  not  time  to 
efcape,  were  killed  ;  The  town,  confiliing  of  abjve  200 
houfes,  well  provided  with  ammuEition,  corn,  and  in  fhort 
all  the  necefTaries  of  life,  we  plundered  and  laid  in  afhes ; 
many  of  the  inhabitants  who  had  endeavoured  to  conceal 

themfehes 


I 


r  79  ] 


hemfclves,  I  have  retfon  to  believe  pcrifhed  in  the  flamefi; 
bme  of  them  I  know  of  for  certain.    In  order  to  continue 
he  Wow,  and  to  flicw  thofe  favages  that  it  was  pofliblc  to 
lunifli  their  infolence,  we  proceeded  on  our  march,  took  all 
heir  towns  in  our  way,  and  every  houfe  and  town  in  the 
^wer  nation  lhared  the  fame  fate  with  Eftatoe.    1  conld 
ot  help  pitying  them  a  little  :  Their  villages  were  agreeably 
tuated ;  their  houfes  neatly  built  and  well  provided,  for  they 
ere  in  the  greateft  abundance  of  every  thing  :  They  mull  be 
•etiy   numerojs.    Eilatoe  and   Sugar-Town  confifted  at 
caft  of  200  houfes,  and  every  other  village  at  leaft  100  houfes. 
\ftcr  killing  all  we  could  find,  and  burning  every  houfe  in 
he  nation,  we  marched  to  Keowee,  and  arrived  the  fecond 
►f  June  (after  •  march  of  above  60  miles  without  flccping) 
at  four  in  the  evening  at  fort  Prince-George.    There  murt 
have  been  from  60  to  80  Cherokees  killed,  with  about  40 
prifoners ;  I  mean  men,  women,  and  children.  Thofe  who 
efcaped  muft  be  in  a  miferable  fituation,  and  can  poffibly  have 
no  refource  but  flying  over  the  mountains,  in  cafe  their  friends 
there  will  receive  them :  they  can  have  ^ved  nothing  :  fome 
of  them  had  juft  time  to  run  out  of  their  beds  ;  others  left 
their  fepann  warm  upon  the  table  and  in  their  kettles.  The 
furprife  in  every  town  was  almoft  equal,  as  the  whole  afiair  was 
the  work  of  a  very  few  hours.    They  had,  both  at  Eftatoe 
and  Sugar-Town,  plenty  of  ammunition,  which  was  deftroycd  ; 
and  everywhere  aftoniftiing  magazines  of  com,  which  were 
all  confumed  in  the  flames :  they  had  not  even  time  to  fave  their 
moft  valuable  efFefts  :  The  foldiers  found  money  in  many  hou- 
fes;  3  or  4  watches  were  got ;  their  wampum,  their  doaths, 
ikins,  and  in  Ihort  every  thing.    Many  loaded  guns  went  off 
when  the  houfes  were  burning.  I  had  almoft  forgot  to  tell 
you  that  we  itnended  to  feve  Sugar-Town,  as  the  place 
r.eareft  the  fort  (where  they  even  had  a  ftockade  fort)  :  Gen- 
tries were  placed  for  the  fecurity  of  the  town,  but  we  found 
the  body  of  a  dead  man,  whom  they  had  put  to  the  torture 
that  very  morning,  it  was  then  no  longer  pofliblc  to  think  of 
mejcy.  k 
"  Our  lofs  is  very  inconfidcrablc.    Three  or  feur  men  kil- 
ed,  and  lieutenants  Marflaal  and  Hamilton,  of  the  Royal* 
wounded ;  'tis  hoped  both  will  recover^  tho'  Mr.  Marihal  is 
not  out  of  danger. 

*•  In  my  onvn  0pini§ny  '/is  ntxt  to  impojffible  f§r  us,  to  think  of 
proceeding  o*iier  the  mountains  ;  and  if  they  had  not  been  furpri- 
zedf  the  very  country  nue  ha*ve  been  in,  twos  impraSii cable,  if 
ibef  hadfpirity  ^bicb  I  much  doubt  of.    The  correctfon  you'll 

allov 


76 


t  «o  J 

tlkw  liai  been  prttcy  fevere :  and  I  dare  hy,  die  whole  iifl* 
tkm  will  readily  coine  into  terms,  and  will  not  be  very  fond 
of  breakii^  tfaem;  aad  I  think  peace  with  them  i«  a  defirable 
event  for  this  province.  We  ftiall  make  ufe  of  Tiftoe  and  the 
Old^Warrior  of  Eftatoe,  by  letting  them  at  liberty  to  inform 
their  nation,  that  though  they  are  in  our  power,  we  are  ready 
to  jgive  them  peace,  as  they  were  formerly  trienda  and  allies  of 
the  white  people  5  and  we  fhall  fend  off  an  exprefs  this  even* 
Ing  to  Cj^t.  Demere,  to  inform  him  of  ¥vhat  has  happene 
and  to  defire  him  to  acquaint  the  Litde-Carpenter  with  i 
•lid  to  tdi  him,  that  he  may  come  down  with  fome  oth 
headmen  to  treat ;  but  it  muft  be  done  in  a  few  days,  or  1^ 
tnay  expedt  to  fee  all  the  towns  in  the  upper  nation  in  aflife, 
bat  that  we  are  willing  to  give  his  people  terms  upon  bis  ac** 
toont.  Capt.  Stuart  will  be  direfted  to  come  with  them,  and 
«rt  fliall  infift  upon  the  Little-Carpenter's  procuring  (bme  corn 
Ibr  the  fort  'till  fupplies  can  be  fent  them.  Tie  people  in  thu 
fort  are  vtrf  irregular.  I  banie  been  obliged  n  fend  a  guard 
/rom  tbt  €amp  /#  tgke  cbargc  of  the  prif oners.  They  complain 
thai  ibej  ba^e  received  no  pay  and  have  been  ill  fubfiAed,  Prof 
mtutitn  in  nvhat  way  you  would  chu/e  to  have  it  garrifoned* 
We  eanmot  leav^a  man  of  ours  ^  andv/t  fliall  only  continue  here 
^till  we  have  fettled  with  the  Cherokees.  It  will  likewife  be 
aeccilary  that  you  fliould  write  a  letter  to  encourage  fome  of 
the  Rangers,  to  carry  flour  and  cattle  to  Fort  Loudoun,  and 
at  the  fame  time  to  thank  them  for  their  behaviour  here.  They 
Jtove  «aed  widi  fpirit,  have  done  what  they  wereordered.and 
kave  been  of  great  ufe  to  the  detachment.  Capt  Orionan 
luu  diftinguiflied  himfelf  by  his  readinefs  to  do  every  thing 
vtwk  dcfired.  And  in  Ihort  I  am  extremely  pleafcd  with  the 
trhole. 

.  I  hive  been  a  good  deal  ont  of  order,  fince  we  returned  |o 
vFort  Prince  George;  I  am  a  little  better  to-day,  but  am  a 
good  deal  fatigued  in  writing  feveral  letters  i  I  (hall  be  glad 
«o  hetrfrom  you  as  foon  as  poiSble.  Col.  Montgomery  defirea 
liis  reipeas  to  you ;  he  does  not  trouble  you  with  a  letter,  u 
I  have  wrote  fo  fully :  But  he  begs  that  you  may  forwaid  one 
oftheendofed  letters  to  general  Amherft,  by  iui  cxpreft  ko9^ 
»cr,  if  no  other  opportunity  oflferi, 
I  have  the  honour  to  be.  Sir, 

Your  moft  obedient  and 

moft  humble  fervant, 
^    ^ .  JAMES  GRANT. 

Cwnp  near  Fort  Prmce-Gwrgt,  June  4,  1760. 


i 


t  9t  ] 

Con^  at  SMTt  Primce-Gtorgt,  Juij  z,  1760^  ^ 
IV^^?^'  .^'^  *  »vaf  written  rid 

;  Xl^i  J*P^»  ^      preparation  for  the  march  t 

Pbfr  fincliag  tbat  the  releaie  W  the  prifosers  detained  at  this  (qvI^ 


•I^TiJTJTJfft,  of  abou$}i^r  a  dozen  lines,  wat  written  ril 
J*P^»  ^5  ^  preparation  for  the  march  1 
Por  fincliag  that  the  releale'of  the  prifosers  detained  at  this  fQr$« 
BOt  .the  effe^  of  bringing  about  an  accommodatipaof  dif- 
ler^oces*  after  the  blow  we  had- given  in  the  lower  natiooy  not- 
Wkhftandin^  that  Tiftoe  iukI  the  Old  Warrior  of  Eftatoe  had 
lili;d^  their  inflaence  for  that  porpole,  as  wf^  as  the  Little- 
Carpenter  in  the  Uppernation,  it  was  found  ofceiTary  to  carry 
the  cprrc^on  a  little  farthcr^Jo  order  to  ixktA.  the  farages  of 


iif«d  #11  their  inflaence  for  that  piirpofe,  as  wqll  as  the  Little- 
Carpenter  in  the  Upper  nation,  it  was  foand  nf  celTary  to  carry 
the  corrc^on  a  little  farthcr»  .io  order  to  fickca  die  favages  of 
flj^  war,  who,  it  feeins,  after  adliog  general  councils  often, 
d<p;unined  to  oppofe  oar  entering  their  country,  by  arms,  ra- 
Aer  than  troft  their  perfons  in  our  hands  at  a  treaty,  giving  for 
aj^fon,  the  putting  the  hbWes  to  death,  and  the  feir.ureand 
^nfiaemcnt  of  feme  mere  ot  their  \,^ead  men,  at  Fort  Prince- 
Oeor^  •  Thefe  were  ol^ruaions  «i  a  peace  w^^ch  we  couli 
90t  formount,  and  of  con(equence  hoililities,  as  far  as  peoplt 
i|i  our  circumftances  could  carry  them,  were  determined  on. 

**  Pags  for  carrying  flour  were  made  with  all  expedition, 
Qot  of  the  foldierg  tcnte  and  waggon-cloths,  and  pack-faddlei, 
^th  the  ncceflarv  furniture  for  them,  out  of  bear  fkins  and 
bullock  hides ;  all  the  invalids  were  left  to  reinforce  the  fort 
and  guard  oar  baggage,  for  two  Ihirts,  a  bear-lkin  and  a  blan- 
ket, with  a  little  rum,  was  all  that  any  officer  could  propofe  to 
carry ;  t^nU  fqr  ^e  troops  coiild  not  be  thought  of  in  our  dr- 
comftancet, 

•  "  June  24/*.  Early  in  the  morning  we  iet  out  on  onr  maich 
Mdarriycd  that  night  at  Okonee-Creek,  dilUnl  about 
aules  from  Fort  Prince  George,  but  the  night  htforeourmartk 
Afioif  ^'^^ORTV  rangers  de/irtid,  tvitb  not  tnlj  their 
%vxA  Q^tKT  MANV  MoaE,  which  occafioncd  a  diftrefs  U 
^ryir^pnthe  flour-bags. 

;i  25^^- We  proceeded  from  Ckonec  to  afirong  poft,  about 
half  a  mile  below  the  War-Woman^s  creek,  wh^  we  en- 
camped m  a  iquare,  with  guards  advanced  from  each  faceC 
tod  the  picquets  laving  out  to  cover  our  people  in  cookiBP  And 
ttkinr  up  water,  the  flour  with  a  guard  over  it  was  in  thTcen- 
tos  of  thefouare,  as  weU  as  thehorfes  tied  up  in  theni£ht- 
time;  almoft  an  this  day  we  marched  through  the  oglieft 
ground  and  moft  dangerous  pafles  ever  troops  had  to  penetrate 

a^L'lSJrri.f^r'',"^  of  mountains,  where  one 

^oald  laa^hie  a  handful  of  men  could  niiaan.arm7  more  no« 


1 


Ir  ft  I 


•ar  former  ehcimp^int,  throo^  'fidttt  i1id^ei'^^i^M£«ii 
i^tlitn  mthefolwer^xnaith.  *   -  .«i  ^< .  . 

27^.  I«ti!cmpniiogw?  f)ttndiriirftIye8  witliin  i»  mfle» 
wifce  Warcftw^B  in  thertJddlefrtdcmeiiU,  called  Etdioey, 
knt  of  their  ft^^f^  towns,  md  <;onr^quenTly  what  they  cy])  t 
bekvcd  on*^  »4r  >fc  were  to  be  oppzkd  at  fill,  this  day^f 
napchwat  thl?fnite^^olookfor  an  >ttaclr,  and  yoa  may  be- 
lieve we  preparMliccordingly,  obr  ^fc^oet  being  forrf:cd  Cioi^ 
ihclineof  Peg'uftrj,  this  night  the  ^miadlef§  and  light  iri* 
fthtfy  were  relieved  from  their  ftarr      that  duty,  bet&S^ 
they  were  to  march  in  front  in  the  morning/  and  the  two  bat- 
talion corps  formed  the  piquet,  which  fell  in  ccurfe  of  rcfter, 
to  be  commavded  by  at^  Peter  Gordon.    A  few  light  horit 
irent  in  froaiilb  mafceWcovcries,  with  a  few  more  oii'  the 
tanks,  biit  where  the  ground  wai  very^  fufpkious,  platoons' of 
grenadien  and^light  infantry,  were  ordered  out  to  fconr  th« 
thickets,  and  other  places  of  ambofcade,  the  grenadiers  and 
light  infantry  wew  followed  by  the  Highlanders,  and  the 
Koyal  fell  in  therear,  nexra  baggage  guard  of  regulars,  in 
fipont  of  the  baggage  and  packhorfes,  which  were  led  by  ofl|- 
cars  fervants  and  waggoners,  who  were  armed  before  we  left 
f>rt  Pdnce- George;  /«  t&e  annr  cf  the  packborfts 
ter  uni  t^nty  men  from  tbt  pitquet ^  and  IH^  fhe  rear  4f  tii 
nxiboli  lias  tbe  captain  of  the  picquet  ivub  ^Q.men  an/  uit 
tir,  ftytXos^is.'aihj  the  cattle  under  the  care  of  a  bcdy  ofrang^u 
-'^After  marching  12  miles,  four  Indians  were  di(covcrcd» 
tht  of  which  was  apprehended  by  BeanKr  the  guide ;  he  toH 
Colonel  Grant  that  the  Indians  did  not  expea  os  fd  foon, 
fentto  thfe  Rt  paid  no  credit,  as  he  was  fati^fied  they  mifif 
have  ieen  us  every  day  on  our  march,  (the  India*  u  flill  fta 
cuftodyO   After  marching  a  mile  farther,  we  came  to  an  ugly 
kind  of  plain,  covered  with  wood  and  hrxk^  fo  thick  that  one 
j^d  ftarce  fee  three  yards  dlf^nce  in  foihc  places?  and  av 
liglyttcddy  river,  with  l!cpp  day  banks  running  through  it, 
©veriooked  on  one  fide  by  a  very  high  mountain,  and  on  the 
ether  hf  hiHy  aeeven  ground,  a  fituation,  in  alt  its  parts, welT 
•dapiedto  the  indian  method  of  fighting,  and  through  this 
feferoalpkee-Molloorroadinevite^gO,  becaufe  the  creek 


it,  Mod  advanced  bn'lkly^  followed  by  very  few  of  hh 
eofk,  when      enevy  ktti  qn  him  from  all  quarUK,  hm 
with  the  iirft  fire,  tatd  itwm  a  lo6,  ai  he 
»cd  gallant  foldi*r,  ttever  kaliag  to  execote  with  finrir 
at  was  rccominfended  to  him  :  it  would  be  worthy  of  tht 
vir.ce  to  do  ibmethiag  tot  his  family  at  he      in  their 

*  jfsfiom  M  fhj!ritig  M%c  Alt  tht  grenaJitrt  cmd  light  in^. 
try  fermej,  and  were  ordered  to  charge  the  enemy  in  the 
kct, .  which  they  did  with  urccrcinon  fpirit,  and  a  very 
vy  fi'c  eniued  cm  both  fides;  the  fire  being  hea\7,  the 
^al,  which  wm  the  rear  corps,  ..nJ  at  that  tkic  by  their^ 
ation  moil  condgnoot,  were  ordered  down  to  the  joad  to 
thegrenadiart  ai<dli|lKlnfantrr,  and  ^et  between  the 
and  the  rifiog  grounds  on  the  rijjht,  while  the  High- 
ers  pulhed  on  towv^f  the  left  to  attack  on  that  quarter, 
get  between  them  and  th2  mcuntain.  The  enemy  were 
Jd  to  give  way,  after  fomc  lois  on  both  tnd  made, 

waj  firft  imagined,  towards  the  mountain,  in  doing  which 
cy  muft  have  fullered  coAfiderably ;  they  were  fired  upoii 
ifiJy  as  they  went  along,  as  the  irocps  were  prepared  td 
ceive  them  :  the  grenadiers  and  light  infantry  were  called 
,  and  the  Royal  having  got  to  the  frontof  the  Highlanders, 
'  the  fliort  cut  they  had  through  the  pbin,  were  ordered  to 
all  m  there,  by  which  means  the  HigUanders  became  the 
ear  corps,  m  this  form  the  line  hxx&  towaids  the  enem^ 
10  had  taken  themielves  to  the  face  of  the  mountain,  bS 
etching  away  at  a  coniiderable  diftance ;  it  ivaj  upon  tlU 
mfion  ivhem  the  aaion  was  gx^Std  t»  hs  tmort  gintrai  than 
i^ir,  h§thfrMting  tath  9th»r^  that  tht  vaUw^  dfcifUmt^  ani 
fieadinefs  #/  tht  troopt,  /ht'wti  itfilf  im  a  matmtr  nv^rtiy  •/ 
admratini  they  rtui^d  iht  fir$  rf  tht  Jmdiamj,  LOOCtHO 
THEM  aoLDLY  iN  THE  tACi,  ^ith  JbnUtrtd  ormu^  ami 
^'th  as  HitU  enctrmfumimgfy,  ast^erjtu  fmv  a  etutimgltn 
tuftH  by  a  fnuu-ntmrdi  judging  it  improper  to  throw  awar 
their  own,  becaule  the  enemy  kept  at  loo  great  a  diftar.cc  for 
them  to  cut  deep  upon  them ;  however  they  galled  us  a  litde 
With  their  rifles,  of  which  chey  (eemed  to  be  pollrfled  of  % 
confiderable  number— Their  hooping  smI  hallowing  never 
ftaggered  the  troops,  upon  which  the  enemy  Hretched  awaV 
to  attack  the  line  on  the  left  flank,  and  for  that  purpole  cam< 
creeping  AJong  a  hollow  way,  but  two  platoon*  of  liMtcn«nt-colood| 
JuAHT  * company,  wbediAg  to  the  left  to  reccivt  them  and  cover  uS 
Oanki,  they  were  forced  to  retire  and  kMp  at  «  confiderable  diAance: 
t>/  this  time  ¥r«rec«ivcd  order*  id  fact  te  t'^c  rijht,  ar.d  pulk  t'mardl 


rat') 

Ae  tpwn,  whklf  wa^  about  fire  mUes  diiUob^  Mviucfi  ih9  enemy  per^ 
otiving  got  beyond  ^the  hill,  and  can  as  faft  a«  po/Tible  to  alarm  thei^ 
and  children  in  the  town,  finding  it  impra^cable  to  flop  the 
^aflage,  ard  un^cr  the  cover  of  the  line,  m^iny  of  the  officers  bagrj^atro 

hoi  ret  pafled  the  river,  but  feveral  of  (he  batmen  miAaking  the  forrf 
the  gentlemen  lofl  their  baggage,  and  bad  their  horfes  drowned ;  w« 
ftiAained  little  lofs  after  the  Un«  ^raf  ordered  to  face  to  the  right  and 
march,  but  a  few  pafHng  fhots.  at  the  left  of  the  Highlanders  who 
brought  up  the  rear,  which  wounded  a  few  men.    When  we  came  near 
the  town,  fonie  ol  the  enemy  were  dlfcOvered  in  the  edge  of  the  wood 
upon  yrhych  the  grenadiers  and  light  infantry  were  ordered  to  marc;h  up 
in  columns  for  forming  more  expedhicufly;  and  upon  receiving  ourfirA 
fire  they  chofe  to  fave  thcmfeives  by  flight:  We  croflcd  the  river  and 
took  pofRfTion  of  the  town,  which  was  ordered  not  to  be  burnt,  both 
Vpon  accotjnt  of  the  corn  it  contained,  and  that  we  might  have  hcufcs 
to  put  our  wounded  meh  in,  the  number  of  which  was  very  conf?der, 
•ble.    The  adion  lafted  about  an  hour,  Capt.  Mahly  WHliams  of  the 
Xoyal  was  killed,  truly  a  gentleman,  and  an  extreme  good  officer,  it  is 
a  lofs  to  the  fervice.— After  wc  had  puffed, ,  a  party  lay  in  ambufcade  for 
the  picquet  with  our  provif^on  horfcs  and  cattle  ^  the  attack  firA  began 
in  the  hojlow,  when  our  people  thought  it  expedient  to  take  pofTefiion 
a  rifing  ground  hard  by,  and  there  defend  themfeWcs;  tbe  attack 
tame  in  fucb  a  Variety  of  quart ersy  that  they  •were  otJ'^eJ  t»  divide  theafe/t'et 
i*it»  fmall parties,  Jome  with  cheers,  f«me  with  ferjeams  ;  they  were  frtjfai 
fng$r9»fly  on  6f  the  enemy,  and  as  often  repulfed  them  with  lofs  on  both 
<idcs,  the  nuniberofwounded  being  confidcrahle  on  our  part,  a  fort  of 
brcaA- work  was  made  of  flour-bags,  and  they  were  thrown  within  it 
The  enemy  renewed  tbcir  attack,  and  being  repulfed,  thought  propel 
to  retire,  and  capt.  Gordon  determined  to  keep  his  poA  till  hk  was 
■  KLiETED  FKOM  THE  c  Aur .'-^Tbe  frft  thing  that  was  dtme  after  oup 
<roffipg  tbe  river  near  the  tvven,  was  to  fend  two  hundred  regulars  to  fupport 
taptuin  Gordon,  and  bring  th^  provifion  and  cattle  to  camp,  they  all  ar- 
rived fafe  and  brought  their  wounded  with  them. — Capt.  Peter  Gordon 
*f  the  Royal  was  flightly  wounded,  licut.  MacMartin  of  the  High- 
linders,  wounded,  and  enfign  Edingtcn  of  the  Royal  had  his  thigh 
broke,  Ueut.  MacKinnon  of  the  Highland  light  infantry  wounded,  Mr. 
Wunroc  furgeon's  mate  to  the  Highlanders  wounded,  and  feveral  more 
in  the  different  corps,  of  which  I  have  fent  you  a  particular  return  ;  Capt. 
Sutherland  received  a  confiderable  contufion  in  the  arm.    Capt.  Green- 
an  joined  the  grenadiers,  finding  it  impoflible  to  perfuade  his  people  to 
follow  him  ;  Heut.  Tatncl  of  the  proTincials,  a  promifing  youne  officer, 
waa  wounded. 

"  It  was  towards  morning  before  tbe  f  ifquet,  with  tbe  two  hundred  that 
ncere  fcnt  out  to  join  tbtm^  arrivgd  with  their  wounded,  the  provifions, 
bullocks,  &c.  were  earned  in  fafe,  and  our  dead  buried.^ We  Aaycd  in 
«he  town  of  Etchoey  two  days,  with  the  hoards  of  the  houfcs  over  us, 
by  way  of  huts,  and  got  our  wounded  dreft,  and  litters  made  for  carry- 
ing them.  7be  next  day,  agfA,  the  Indians  wtnt  tolMvuY  their  dead,  and 
tieyfcratched  up  ours  and  left  them  above  ground :  \xi  their  return  they 
^red  fiom  a  hU]  above  our  camp  for  fome  time,  but  parties  being  fent 
cut  to  different  quarters,  they  chofe  to  take  themfclves  away  after  btine 
fred  upon  by  fome  of  the  advanced  guards  of  the  camp.  Wc  found 
hi  the  tou  n  above  500  bnfhels  of  Indian  com. 

'The  town,  of  the  Middle  Settlements,  fatisfed  by  this  lime  that  they  could 
mtohflruaourprogrejs,  bad  nothing  for,  it  but  to  carry  every  thing  iway 
mnd  fur  number  o/\^_un4led  made  it  m^raaUM  to  cirry  them  furtbtr  :  H 

had.' 


lai  no  fort  u  Udg€  them  In,  nor  could  lut  fptre  a  Jett^itrumt'f  ntfer  tlm  | 
humanly  could  not  'allow  of  their  k<ing  ^ft  a  factifire  'fir  tte  pke  of  lurnlnf^ 
4  parcel  of  empty  ^.ott/«';— thercfofc  -w{c  were,  ^r^l^rc^  to  march  the 
at  night  with  the  grchadiers' and  light  inftritry  trf  cover  the  wounded, 
&c.  who  were  aU  qn  Uiter$  or  a  horfeback,  with  aX^^^eC  or  two  to  take 
care  oi  each  mzn^  leaving  the  buti Jlandirgy  cip^fjre\  iut  mngj.^  and  by  tjii* 
pri^rfeik  meafure  an  attack  upon  the  line  of  wourritd  inen  was  avoided, 
in  thofe  horrible  pafles  I  have  already  dcfcribcd. — H'e  arrived  at  eur 
eld  camp  near  the  War-fVemans  creek,  ivk;rr  tve  reftd  a  ni^it ;  early  in 
the  mprnlng  the  ravages  were  drfcovercd  to  be  all  .found,  the  camp,  io 
qjrdcr  to  annoy  us  on  our  march,  parti<;ularjy  in  a  pafs  within  haJf  a  mila 
ot  our  camp,  in  crofling  the  river  j  the  or6m»  beat,  ard  the  line  of 
marth  was  formed,  iWo  fubalterp  officers  and  50  men  frof^i  the  Royal 
4ere  fcnt  frui  to  ittacK  Every  thing  on  the  right  m'r.k,  anii  tl^j^_  fan* 
number  of  officers  afld  rricn  Tr6ih'  the  Highlanders,  wiih  the  like  oroerj!, 
were  fcnt  oMt  the,top&,of  the  hills  on  ih&  left, flank  ;  thit  of  th« 
rti^hlandcrsi  fell  in  with  tliem  in  their  tamp,  attacked  them,  beat  them 
•ff,  killed  two,  feized  fixty  blankets,  two  bags  of  flouf/  a  bap  of  povir- 
der  and  another'pf  fhot,  their  pipes,  tobacro,  and  le^itlier  /hjr(5.  We 
had  one  man  wounded  in  this  attack,  and  fevercly  too,  for  hh  ,thigh 
^jis  broke  t  When  our  rear  came  up,  another  party  began  to  fire  ion' 
them  at  the  pafs,  when  an  officer  and  twenty  men  of  the  Hiehland 
Ifght  inlantry  were  fent  to  ta!<b  pofTcffion  of  the  point  cf  the  h;!l  that 
cbmmanded  the  ford  ;  he  fell  in  with  a  party  of  them  lyirg  cn  thcit^ 
bcUies,  with  their  firelocks  prcfentcd  over  a  r^ck,  killed  four  of  theni/' 
firrt  five,  and  difperfed  the  reft  :  in  this  attack  we  had  one  mr.n  (hot 
through  the  body,  who  died  that  night  j  however  our  fcouting  enemy 
grew  tired  of  keeping  company  with  us,  and  never  molellcd  us  after- 
Wirds  on  our  march. 

<«  Before  our  rear,  which  was  a  long  one,  paflTed  through  the  placft 
of  a^^ion,  we  had  occajion  Tn  fen  the  burying  places  of  tlie.fnvr.gcs,  in  one" 
hole  there  were  feventeen  bodies,  in  another  lourtcen,  and  in  a  third 
five;  upon  the  whole,  from  the  weight  and  continuance  of  the  fire,  it, 
does  not  appear  that  there  could  be  lefs  than  forty  or  fifty  killecl,  be-^ 
fides  their  v^ounded  and  what  they  loft  on  their  fcouting  parties,  which, 
from  the  quantity  of  provifions  and  ammunition  taken,  maft  have 
been  very  ftrong. 

"  We  were  in  great  diftrefs  for  horfes  to  carry  the  wounded,  mant 
of  the  rangert  were  difmountfd,  and  a  few  bags  of  fiour  thrown  into  th« 
river,  in  order  to  make  up  the  number  of  liorfes  \vanred. 

**  Thus  you  fee  we  have  penetrated  into  ttcir  country  \v.  fp:te  ef  tin 
united  force  of  lower,  middle  ard  uf^per  Cherckces,  I  wean  Jucb  at  ivert 
difpofed for  ivar,  nvbicb  tncfi  of  them  were,  except  c  fnv  t'd  men  ;  and 
by  what  the  interpreters  tell  u»,  from  their  lan^u -ge  in  the  time  of 
aftion,  there  were  a  few  Creeks  and  Choftavvs  among  them  ;  and 
whet  is  equal  to  ftrcing  our  way  to  their  town  and  defrcying  tkfir.  Lave  rt^ 
turned  and  carried  a  large  train  of  ivour.dtd  men,  fixty  m.lri  at  Icojl,  through 
the  ntofi  hazardous  country  in  the  world,  in  ffite  cf  ail  tbeir  tifi.rtz  to  diftreff. 
utj  nay  we  have  net  lofi]  a  bag  cf  flour,  by  the  eremy,  cr  a  J!  u  i.  r.oc  jr . 

"  The  fatiguo  was  immenfc,  not  an  officer  or  foldier  comphined, 
the  detachment  has  all  along  been  in  high  fpirits,  judgir.g  nothing  to9 
difficult  for  them. — Never  did  greater  harmony  ^ppe.ir  tlian  does  among 
the  corps  of  our  little  army,  a  happy  circumftance  at  all  times,  parti- 
cularly OB  a  detached  fcrvice,  and  to  fay  no  more,  believe  me,  I  do  not 
exaggerate,  when  I  tell  you,  that  more  fteadintfs  or  more  real  fpiritg^ 
never  was  am.»ng  troops.    I  am, — Your,  &c. 

[iSor  the  entin  P.S.  to  thU  fetter,  the  reader  is  referred  back  to  Page  6  J 


t  «*  1 


HtgUiniert. 
ferjcMic*  and  6  prifate  I 


jl  private  —  y 
Cipt.  SttthtrUad,  tt.  Mae-  ^ 

Martio,  and  Lt.  MlCin. 

Bon,   Mr.  Manro  fur.  31 

geotts  mace,  i  fcrjeanc.}  a  ' 

corporal*,  f  drammcr,  tc 

1]  pd«at« 
Urat.  Tatnct  and  7  private 
CapK.  Farrel,  cootufcd  with  a 

Ibght  wovnd  iA  dia  bccaft, 

«ttd2priratc 

Total  woondad 


^  l-OtaUcmcd    ao|  Total  ^ivoondad  jp. 

r^'  Col.  Grant's  second  Letter.  J 

*  '/^t.  Montgomery  biforaBod  yov  of  oar  intendad  Mardi  fnm: 
Kcowee  town,  W«  left  thai  place  the  »4th,  and  ibon  paroeiwd, 
Ijiat  ocr  guidcc  had  mifiDfbnned  os  ahout  the  roada,  irwy  like^  from  i^-i 
il^raAoa,  a  few  perhapa  had  <bm«  Uttie  defisn  in  reprefcndng  chinp  im 
at  favoarabk  a  light  m  poAble,  in  order  to  induce  as  to  go  on.  thaC 
<hey  mipht  have  foma  chance  of  recovering  their  horfea,  or  fome  of  their 
e|har  «flr«as  i  hut  let  that  be  as  it  wili,  they  are  very  bad  judgea 
€*  tfccfcrt  of  read  oeceiTaryfor  the  march  of  a  body  of  troopc»  and 
whan  we  came  to  have  a  little  bmlh,  ihcy  knew  no  road  at  all  j  I  rovfi 
<^5a>t  from  the  number  Bcamer.  vrho  is  hardy  and  intelligent,  and 
%>yl  and  the  Collier  have  merit ;  Tones  behaved  well  'till  he  was  woun. 
«d  a  ^  other-  are  not  worth  a  (hilling. 

^  **  *Tis  next  to  impofltble  for  troops  to  go  to  the  Middle-Scttkmnu 
without  forming  pofts  at  different  places  t  if  the  people  who  are  in  po£> 
f^on  of  the  country  had  fpirit  to  defend  it,  there  are  padTes  innumerable  | 
the  whole  country  the  ftrongctt  and  mod  difficult  I  ever  was  in ;  a  very 
few  men  properly  conducted  mi;:ht  retard  the  march  of  an  army.  But 
o^r  |nea'i4  the  Cherokees,  were  kind  ertough  to  give  us  no  trouble.  *till 
we  got  near  Etchoe.  their  beloved  tovim.  About  SIX  miles  frona, 
thatplac^  we  found  a  confiderable  body  of  Indians,  of  the  Lower,. 
Middle,  and  Upper  SetUsments,  with  fome  Creeks  and  Chaaawa  (if 
we  can  believe  people  who  pretend  to  know  their  language).  They  were 
p^ed  upon  very  advantagcoos  ground,  had  taken  poflcffion  of  every 
and  leemed  determined  to  defend  the  town  in  the  beil  manner 
ttKy  coold ;  bat  the  troops  behaved  (6  remarkably  well,  that  the  Indiaae^ 
were  drove  from  poft  to  poll,  and  the  detachment  arrived  in  very  good 
o«dcr  at  Etchcc.  though  I  muft  own  the  march  was  treublefome,  the 
dignities  of  ehs  country  not  to  be  imagmed,  and  the  &re  of  the  In^ 
diane,  thoush  at  a  dii^ance,  as  they  have  a  noraber  of  rifles^  did  exccn.^ 
tioa*  Pooa  cape  Williams  with  about  17  of  o«r  men  killed,  many  of- 
fidcra  woonded,  and  above  60  men  ;  thofc  we  carried  with  os  to  the, 
tosva,  and  have  brought  back  with  as  to  this  place.  I  think  there  vMa, 
a  waggoner  and  ^  ranger  killed,  and  five  or  fix  of  them  woonded :  1  mo^, 
fbfty  that  I  cann<H  fay  any  thing  in  their  favour,  they  behaved  moll  in-, 
fainoufly,  near  fifty  deferted  the  night  before  we  marched,  and  they  nm, 
to  a  man  the  moment  they  heard  the  firing  begin,  at  which  time  poof 
capt,  Morrifon  was  killed,  when  he  was  advanong  and  doing  his  duty 
a  galUat  jood  o^cer.   I  aiTure  y«tt  Its  ia  a  lolT to  the  provnce,  but 


U  ttnfortuiutdir  wai  ibaidoned  byhH  people.  Poor  qrioam*  In  4^} 
pair  that  be  could  not  get  a  rai^tr  to  ft»nd,  quit  hi*  horfc  «ml  w<|nt  0% 
with  our  grenadiers,  and  behaved  the  whiplf  day  extremely  well.  Capt, 
Oneil  was  likewife  of  ufc»  in  the  rear,  which  %vas  his  ppft»  according  M 
the  order  of  inarch  of  that  day.  ' 

"  When  the  Indian*  found  that  it  was  impcff)ble  to  prevent  o«ir  g«C4 
ting  to  tie  town,  they  endeavoured  to-cut  off  our  pack^ltcrfes  .md  cattl«^ 
but  were  prevented  by  the  captain  of  *he  picquct  from  dfing  us  any 
Iwim  in  th  It  way.  Capt.  Pfier  Cordon  who  was  upon  that  duty,  took; 
up  the  bca  poft  he  could  find,  faA^ined  their  attack,  and  faved  ev«^ 
thing,  'till  a  reinforcement  waa  fenc  to  him,  and  then  brought  up  thft 
whole  to  Etcho^  town  camp.  1 

"  The  Indians  will  not  forget  this  att^k  foon,  they  loft  at  Icaft  fitfi 
met),  forty  of  their  dead  bodice  were  found  in  three  different  hole»,  I 
hardly  think  that  tlicy  have  fo  many  wounded  in  proportion,  our  nsem 
never  fired  but  when  they  were  near  them.  Deftroying  an  Indian  towA> 
may  be  crediuble,  but  'tis  in  fadb  a  matter  of  no  great  confcqtteQce,wh«ai 
the  favaj;es  have  time  to  carry  off  their  effeAs.  £tct)ci  coft,  «»  dean* 
The  killed  I  look  «pon  as  a  trifle,  people  are  then  provided  for  i  but 
the  wounded  in  a  remote  frontier  is  a  diftre^ng  cireumftance.  We  might 
have  gm  to  any  town  'u\  their  nation,  tut  we  Ihould  have  M  a  bftffh 
to  get  at  it,  and  then  we  llxould  have  found  it,  or  indeed  rather  th«% 
a!l  abandoned,  but  the  lift  of  our  wounded  muft  have  incrcafed ;  at  Gxiy 
miles  from  fort  Prince  Ccdcgc,  it  v^as  impoffible  to  fend  them  back  ; 
tbere  was  no  fuch  thing  as  leaving  them  to  fall  into  the  hvKlsoftavag^^ 
and  it  was  abfolutely  imprafticable  to  proceed,  with  themj  many  'cf 
them  arc  carried  upon  Uttert,  none  of  them  can  walk,  every  one  of  then*, 
rtuft  have  an  attendant,  and  fome  of  them  are  in  fwch  a  &iuatic«,  th4l< 
they  muft  have  two  or  three  upon  the  march.  The  fiuniber  of  rangerii 
much  diminirtied,  fome  of  their  horfes  employed  in  crrrying  ftour,  other*- 
not  very  fond  of  walking  j  in  fhort,  we  were  obliged  to  deftroy  feme 
ffour,  in  oider  to  get  horftfn  for  our  wounded. 

"  In  this  fituation  col.  Montgomsry  thought  it  advifcable.  to  rcturft, 
to  fort  Prince  George,  and  from  thence  to  proceed  to  the  place  of  em*» 
barkation.  There  is  not  an  Indian  v/ithin  fixty  miles  of  the  fort,  lUti 
frontier  is  therefore  much  advanced.  The  Cherokee*  have  .fuffered 
much,  but  they  will  not  tieat,  and  *<is  impoOihle  to  force  them  to  coxp* 
idto  terms;  that  muft  bft  a  work  of  time*  and  you  know  that  00  \^ody^ 
of  troops  can  extirpate  an  jndian  nation.  *Tii  really  unlucky  fhat  %i 
peace  could  not  be  brought  about.  We  have  fycceeded  in  every  thin^ 
we  have  attempted,  the  Indians  have  been  beat  every  where,  they  nwer . 
have  had  the  fmalleft  advantage,  and  yet  the  province  is  ftill  in  a  fcrape, 
for  it  appears  to  me  that  ihofe  ravages  cannot  be  convinced  tiui  &  whi(§ 
man  is  honeft. 

"  We  contmued  twadeys  at  ltcho6,  and  then  ftole  •  march  upon 
them  in  the  night,  to  get  clear  of  the  dangerous  paffes  near  thatiown,^ 
with  our  wounded  and  provifions.  They  gave  us  no  trouble  the  firft 
day's  march.  The  fecow*  they  intended  to  entertaia  in  a  very  ftroUg 
pafs :  they  had  come  in  three  bodies  near  our  camp :  the  ihoft  confidk* 
rable  body  was  furprized  in  their  camp  on  the  top  of  a  hill,  which  coili- 
manded  a  defile  where  we  were  to  pafs :  they  vrere  tmn>edi2te!y  be*t 
off,  abandonsd  two  baga  of  flour,  a  bajf  of  amiaunitioa,  one^of  fafc, 
about  60  blankets,  their  tomyhawks,  wampum,  Src.  This  you  fee 
was  a  fcout  of  fome  diftinaion.  Another  was  ufed  almoft  in  the  fame 
tnanner  j  one  of  our  flanking  parties  fell  in  upon  th?ir  rear,  fired  upon 
Ciem  at  ten  y«rdJ  dift«nce,  when  they  wcr •  bcWLng  enoihcr  iray,  being 


tfl^ent'  bn  ftring  *port  *oui*  Ifcic  of  march.   T hfy' were  bcaV  off  vterf^ 
%^herc,  fuffere*!  irtush)  and  indeed  they  havs  never  coma  n«ir  us  fincel  t 
.  «  We  have  left  from  6  to  8  itionths  fl.iiir  in  fprr  Prince  George,  an(f' 
Ibrty  l»uIlock«  :  '  but-the  garrifdn  remaft^s  there  unwillingly.    The  pro-' 
^-inc-ah  deferred  laft  ni^ht  in  a  body,  and  are  gone  off.  Theindepen-' 
<fcncts  ft<Jo<rto  their  Hrm« 'this  morning,  and  declaretJ  to  Hent.'  Miln,  thac 
they  would  goto  Charles-Towrt  and  vt'colJ  ftay  no  Jonger  there  upofl^ 
amy  actourtt.  '  I  v/as-oblijcil  toVnarch  a  cbnipan^  of  %ht- infantry  inttfl 
the  fort,  ^Jbrinj  them  to  reafe^n,  and  at  Isrft  vvo  were  obliged  to  leav« 
*/erjeant  aMi2  of  the  R6yal,  and  a  feneant'and  iz  of  the  ttighUhders,' 
ite  ftrengtfiteWithe  gii^riTon  and  to  keep  che"brhers  in  order  and  present* 
their  abandbh^g  the  fort.    BmI  I  rauA  begt)f  you  to  fall  upon  fome  me-' 
tl)od  to  rclf^ve  thlit  garrifon,  as  col.  Mtmtgomery  muft  call  off  .  thofe 
men,  for  ?ti8  at^fblutcly  contrary  to  his  mftruGrons  to  leave  ahy  of  tfifi" 
Iting's  troopi  irt-^a^rifon.-   We  lhall  pfbcccd  on  our  march  down  the 
OBu.itry  to-morrow;    I  ihrfll  probably  trouble  you  with  a  letter  front 
Itiriety-Six,  but  'tisF  to  be  Iiopcd  I  m*l  (boA  have  the  pleafurc  6f"wailin|f* 

you  at  Charlds-ToWi),-*  I^jtvd  the  honour  to  be.  Sir, 
i'  '  •'■      Ybyr  rfiof^r  obedient  and 

:«lv  .     .  -  •    ttibft  hunrble  fervant, 

fc^^yuly  3d,  1760.?-  '  V  ■  ^  '  '    ,   JA^^E^  GRANT. 

T>AGE«  4,  BWc^V  after  publor,  /^/^r;,  :«:*-for  this  and  other  reifont,**' 
JL    Line  14^  Wi^-ViiF**^  I/*— P.  I'l/  LI  i'^, '/^r  jondtion,  rwi junafuro. ; 
•*J-P.  la,  L.  X3,  for  remain,  read  remahr^s,-^P.  15,  L.  5*  for  rwiuco.* 
rWrcd  jcinj.— ^.  ty,  L.  10,  for  sa,  yead  as/—?.  23,  L.  8,  for  thzn,' 
*t4iu  thcfe.  — p4  i4,  L.  18,  Jor  the,  r:ad  OUR.  — P.  28,  L.  a,  after 
Without,*- iffprf  alL— P.  38,  L.  3,  aftir  notio,  Jlnke  dw/ the  comma.— 
P.  39,  Ir.  i  .  f<tr  threat,  redd  thereat.    L.  24.  take  out  campaign.— ip.  40,. 
L.  6,  for  contraftion,  r«i/contradiaion. — P.  4s,  L.  26.  campaign," 
tOd.— P.  44,  L.  i4,/3Awas,  r.W  were.— P.  47,  L.  i<f  /cr  lali, 
fvai  the  ^resedihgi  •  L.  23,  Jhlke  cut  not.— P.  48,  lifie  L.  4,  after  Sep. 

temixT  Urt,  injeri  *'  iw  confequence  of  col.  Grant's  letters  to  them."  ^P. 

i^^'  ^'  3*51 /«"'  ^73»  176.— P.  5^*  L  •14./='-  this,rcW  the.— P.  57,  L, 
Sfk  afur  will,  irf/rrr  have.— P.  59,  L.  after  thofe,  i»/^rr  eight.— P. 
70,  L.  29, /sr  preference,  rwrf  Preferences.  L.  33, /or  mo.-e  fo,  W 
liluchmor«  fo.— P.  74,  L.  ziy  for  {even,  fut  SEVEN.  L.  39, 
rfr)  ^/^r  murder,  ard  tranfpofe  it  before  (of  which.— P.  75,  6, 
eff:er  pafTages,  infert,  -*  each  big  with  a  contradicStion.* 

Gentlcaen  that  have  Philopafrioi*^  firft  letter,  arc  dcfirtd  to 

,  COfrett  the  following  errors  tkerein,  viz.  . 
f  age.  Col,  Itinej. 

1      »I     74  from  tbthttom,  after  have  been,  infer:  TUther, 

1       »     zo  from  ditto,  for  more,  read  indetd, 
-«       S     3' his,  in/«rf  fo  long. 

«       I    ^%  from  the  bottom,  for  or  the  Indians,  read  as  the  Indiant^  ' 
• «  71        the  tof,  for  this  and  the  laft,  read  this  lai^. 


aM>7  accotii*»t-'| 
the  fort,^;]^ 


r*ent  *>n  fig  «p«n ' our  Ihic  of  march .  Th-y '  were  be.iV  off  ererf* 
where,  fiiflfeii  f*.  rrtuchj  and  indeed  they  hav«  never  comonaur  us  fince,  T 
"  We  hav  left  from  6  to  8  months  flour  in  fort  Prince  George,  andT 
forty  buH6ct:i|:  hiit  the  garrifon  rsmahis  there  unwillingly.  The  pro-' 
vinc-Js  defcn  :d  laft  nisht  in  a  body,  and  are  gone  off.  Th«  iadepen-' 
rfpnts  ftootf  ti  their  nrm*  this  morning,  and  declared  to  Hear.  NrMn,  tha? 
thc;y  would  g!  to  Charles-Towrt  and  wcbH  ft.iy  no  Jonger  there  upofi* 
Mt^y  account.'  I  wjivoblijcd  toVnarch  a  cbmpani*  of  %ht-infamfy  intSi 
the  fort,  them  to  rcafQn,  and  at  lift  we  were  obliged  to  leav^- 

ijeneanta^  of  the  Royal,  and  a  fenennt  and  12  of  the  Highlanders,  ' 
CO  rticngt^J^  :he  gatiifcn  and  to  keep  the  orhers  in  order  and  prevent* 


their  ab  rndbxllj;  tne  tort.  But  I  beg  of  you  to  fall  upon  fome  me^ 
tijod  to  reW^I  thut  }?arrif?n,  as  col.  Montgomery  muft  call  off  thofe 
rocn,  for  !tis|prolately  contrary  to  his  mftruft  ons  to  leave  ahy  of  tfifi*^ 
king's  troopi  Srt-ga^rifon.  We  ilian  pnJcced  on  our  march  down  thtf' 
Oiu.itry  tb-irJfrow;  I  ihill  probably  trouble  you  with  a  letter  front  = 
Kinety-Sisf,  1  it  'tis  to  be  Iropcd  I  fh*}  fooii  have  the  pleafurc  of  waitint* 
•f  you  at  Ch;^  \^-T-o^n»  -  I  h»ve  the  honour  to  be.  Sir, 
»   •  ;     •  ■    "  Your  rhoft  obedient  and 

'  1  \  moll  hunible  fervant, 

^]u]y  yiy'^.^  '  <^\^-'  •  •  *         JAME^  GRANT. 


To  be.  CorretSed. 


PAGE*  4,  :p!ie^,  after  public,  //r/tri,  rfor  this  and  other  reafons.*^ 
Line  i^lrdk.-o'Jt  •*  I  Vi/ LI  i^'/.r  jundlion,  Wjunfluro/ 

—P.  12, -L.  I  J,  for.  remam,  read  remaii^s.— P.  15,  l.     for  reduco'^ 
rW  r.'d.icjnj  -^f.  17,  L.  10,  for  sa,  i-sdd  as.—P.  23,  L.  8,  for  then^ 
mean  ih.pe.-  P»  24,  L.  18,  Jor  the,  r:ad  OUR.  — P.  28,  L.  2,  afur 
without,-,  iffji  fail— P.  38.  L.  3,  afur  notto,7?rii^  out  the  comma.—. 
P.  59. 1'.  « .  :^  threat,  read  thereat.    L.  24.  tjke  our  campaign.— P.  40, 
L.  6,  f,r  con;  aftion,  /vjJcontradiaion.—P.  4s,  L.  26.  campaign,- 
i^y^i-f  to4:^h  44,      14,>' was,  r.Wwere.— P.  47,  L.        /<,r  1^, 
rrad  the  >reg  imgnt    L.  23,  yfn^f  cr/r  not.— P.  48,  line  L.  4,  a/ffr  Sep. 
t«m!x;r  lirt,  1  ffrt  "in-  confequence  of  col.  Grant's  letters  to  them."— P. 
52,  L.  3^5, /,r  73,  read  176.— P.  56,  L  .i4,/5r  this,rcW  the.— P.  57,  L, 
I4»  wil,  trf.rt  have.— P.  59,  L.  27,  after  thofe,  ;n/frr  eight.— P. 

70,  L.  29, /«■  preference,  rrj//  Prefei  eftces.  L.  33, /or  more  fo,  read 
much  more  fi  —P.  74,  L.  21, /orfeven,  SEVEN.  L.  39,  /Wr/ 
/i«  )  ifur  m'  'der,  "  jri  rrarjpofe  it  before  (of  which.— P.  75,    L.  $ 

pa/Tagce   i«/f/-^  *  each  big  with  a  g/arh^  contradidtion.' 


Gen tleaJtn 'piat  have  Philopairioi^  firft  letter,  arc  defircd  ta 

,  correct  the  following  errors  tkcrein,  viz. 
rag«.  Col.  l*»e. 

J       l  .    -^fntm  tbtbattom^  after  have  been,  i«/>r,*  rather, 
I       »  -  :^  from  ditto,  for  more,  r<<i^  indeed. 
«        3  ■    -yfrom  tbt  top,  after  his,  ir.fe'-t  fo  long. 

*  »  .  -  V  from  tbt  battom,  far  or  the  Indians,  read  w  the  Indianf, 

*  •     'I  for  this  and  the  la  ft,  read  this  lall, 
a      ^     -^,1^  iaf  9wr,  /or  inAjor,  r«<i  na.^gi*. 


A  parficular  SCHEME  of  the  Tranfaaiom  of  each 
when  the  Army  marched  from  Kcchowcc,  to  the 


—Marched  from  Keehowec  with  thirty-eight  days  provifioai,  idcai 
--Marched  from  Ocunnih  to  Tuckareetchih  Old  Town.  /Mff.Ti 

coloners  own  raannen)    .__J 

—Marched  from  Tuckareetchih  to  the  Dividings  ;  get  there  l|i  dtlii 

remainder  of  the  day  here,  and  fet  to  work  about  a  poft,  ■ 

—Halt— Employed  about  tiie  poft  ail  this  day,  *  

—Halt  flitl ;  employed  as  before.    After  dinner  march  from  U  Div 

loo  men  in  poft  here,  -     

—This  day  the  ailion  would  have  happewjd,  according  to  thilcb 

colonel  did  in  his  own  way,  (M  B.  This  town  was  dcftWd 
—March  from  Etchowih  to  Coivhih,  without  doing  any  thing  febi 

provifions,  ,  ..^   J  

—Halt  at  Cowhih,  and  deftroy  by  detachments  lod  acres  coniUi 
f  813  halt  here,  while  the  colonel,  with  1448  rank  and  file,  ink 

deftroy  the  following  town*,  &c.  viz.  Stickowib,  —    co  iainii 

Kittoweh,  1 

<  Tuckareetchih,  - 

Tafantih,       —  i 
^,  Ellijoy,  deftroy ed  in  their  viy Ik 

A.  B.  The  colonel  returned  to  Cowhih  the  4th  day  beforcjiMD 
-       lowed  here  that  he  took  himfcif. 

^  Suppofe  700  of  the  81  j  that  halted  before,  march  together  wi  3 

(The  21  ft,  thefe  1000  men  return  to  the  colonel  (having  mamed 
This  day  halt— employed  in  dcflroying  the  70  houfes  about  t:( 
V  This  day,  fiippofc  Uic  army  match  to  Noucafih,  fending  det*ir 


—       -5.  Thefe  7  days  employed  in  the  Middle  Settlements  1 
nothing  at  all  but  march  6  miles  to  Cowhih. 

-The  whole  army  march  from  Noucafih,  back  to  the  Dividinps, 

-Haltat  the  Divi<iings,      „ 

^Send  off  500  men  the  27th  to  Keehowee,  for  the  provifionsil 
light  troops  free  from  all  incumbrances,  but  their  eight  daysn 
there,  all  within  one  open  valley,  from  the  firft  to  the  laft  noie 

^      m  eight  days,  which  bring  the  4th  July,  only  12  f  miles  |r 
Wight  be  allowed,  as  there  are  ten  days  ftill  to  fpare, 
iV.  B.  At  this  time  the  colonel  had  not  reached  the  Dividni 

l_,    g<:i''g  to  die  Valleys  at  ail. 

r  The  coloiiel  has  all  this  time  full  to  wait  for  afrefh  fupply  of  proi 
j    fions  to  march  to  Ktchowec ;  but  there  muft  be  mere  than  fuft 
i    provifions  of  the  5oo,&c.  for  1 5  or  1 6  days,  would  be  laved,  aj 
b/om  the  Dividings  back     fort  Prince- George, 


lay,  according  to  the  preceding  Letter,  from  the  7th  June, 
1  July,  when  they  are  fuppofed  to  return  to  the  Dividings. 


d  camped  at  Ocuncih  Old  Town,    —  1 

L  Tins  day  and  yelterday'li  march  are  exadly  confonnabli  to  the  3 


eight  o'clock  A.  M.  as  ihc  colonel  did  in  his  own  way.    Halt  the  1 


iDividin^s  to  Herbert's  fpring,  near  Eftatowih  Old  Town,  leaving  7  ^ 

theme  (inflead  of  the  loth)  after  which  march  to  Etchowih»  as  the  7- 

1ed  by  fome  Indians  after  the  cdonel  left  it  in  1760.)   j 

le  but  fend  oiF  an  exprefs  to  Nicety-fix  to  Capt.  Ruffcl  for  more  I   

lar  the  canip  at  this  place,  and  40  hcufcs  and  100  acres  at  Eyoncc  —  — 
:ding  Indians,  guides  and  negroes,  march  to  Stickowih-Branch,  and^ 
Dining  60  houfes  and  200  acres  of  corn,  I 
j        60    —    —    lool  '  I 

20    —   ~    '70  '^"^^^ '90  houfes  and  530  acres  of  corn,  — 
vi  back  20   —   —     60  J  I 
Jion,  and  halted  the  other  half  of  the  day  —The  fame  time  is  jd- 1 


20    —   —  all  190  houfes  and  530  acres  of  corn, 

H  back  20  —  ^  60J  j 
Jion,  and  halted  the  other  half  of  the  day  —The  fame  time  is  jd-J 

CUfanah,  houfes  20  and  50  acres  corn,  "] 
nti300  others  to  dcftroy  <  Cowhihtchih,  30-^ —  30  y 
I  Burning-Town,  70  —  100  f 
Kid  not  five  miles  per  day  on  an  average.)  J 

titcampat  Cowih,    .   .  ■  m   

iia^mcnts  before  to  deftroyWhaiogah,  40  houfes  and  70  acres  corn,  " 

Taffih,        20    50 

ugah,  Noihowih,  and  Noucafih,  100   •   300  y 

xdufive  of  the  1 3  th  when  the  army  are  fuppoied  to  have  done 


I! 


d  by  the  colonel  the  13th,  and  at  the  fame  time  1200  more" 
rifion  each,  are  deuched  to  the  Valleys,  to  dcftroy  the  7  lowtjs 
Dotpcceeding  twelve  miles  — This  work  is  fuppofed  to  be  conipleated 
day ;  however,  if  that  time  is  not  thought  fufficient,  moxe  ^ 

in  the  way  he  proceeded,  in  his  return  to  Keehowee,  [withoat  j 

in  order  to  proceed  farther,  still  referving  two  daysprovi-" 
provifions  left  to  lad  the  detachment  to  ihe44ih,  becsafethe 
need  not  to  have  taken  above  2  or  3  days  prcvifions  with  thfrn. 


1 

■  ^  1 

Date  Due 

1 



\ 

^orm  335— 35 M— 9-31— C.  P.  Co. 

Duke  University  Libraries 


1  ii; 

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370^S  P537  305152 


